Recent ENSO evolution and its real-time prediction challenges

National Science Review - Tập 9 Số 4 - 2022
Rong‐Hua Zhang1,2, Chuan Gao1,2, Licheng Feng3
1Institute of Oceanology, and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
2Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , China
3National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources , China

Tóm tắt

The frequent occurrences of the second-year surface cooling condition in the eastern equatorial Pacific, as observed in late 2021, are attributed to decadal changes in the thermocline depth, which determine the relative dominances of local cooling effect in the east and subsurface warming effect remotely from the west. Coupled models need to adequately represent these processes in a balanced way, thus being able to successfully predict the observed sea surface temperature evolution in late 2021.

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National Science Review

Tập 9 Số 4

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