Recent Applications of Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions in the Pharmaceutical, Agrochemical, and Fine Chemical Industries
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
2002, Cross‐Coupling Reactions. A Practical Guide,
2004, Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Nicolaou K. C., 1996, Classics in Total Synthesis
Nicolaou K. C., 2003, Classics in Total Synthesis II
Current nickel price (http://www.finanzen.net/rohstoffe/nickelpreis; March2009): $ 7.21 per kg.
Current copper price (http://www.finanzen.net/rohstoffe/kupferpreis; Jan2009): $ 3.22 per kg.
Selected examples for Pd‐catalyzed couplings at room temperature:
It is worth mentioning that a number of applications may remain unpublished and/or unpatented for strategic reasons are therefore not known to the public;
Calderazzo F., 2006, Metal Catalysis in Industrial Organic Processes
Blaser H.‐U., 1996, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds, 2
Current palladium price (http://www.finanzen.net/rohstoffe/palladiumpreis; Jan2009): $ 5.61 per g.
Production volume of fine chemicals: 1 t to 100 t per year.
For recent reviews on ancillary ligands for Pd‐catalyzed reactions see:
Nishiyama H., 2008, Chem. Soc. Rev., 37, 1133
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products.http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/swp/444600en.pdf August2007.
For catalyst product separation techniques see:
2006, Catalyst Separation, Recovery and Recycling
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
SiliCycle www.silicycle.com; April2003;
Sekiya A., 1997, J. Organomet. Chem., 527, 281
Bumagin N. A., 1989, Metalloorg. Khim., 2, 911
For recent applications of bulky monophosphines in Pd catalysis see:
Reviews:
Heck R. F., 1982, Org. React., 27, 345
P.Baumeister G.Seifert H.Steiner (Ciba‐Geigy AG) EP Patent 584043 1992.
T.‐C.Wu (to Albermarle) U.S. Patent 5 315 026 1994;
T.‐C.Wu (to Albermarle) U.S. Patent 5 536 870 1996;
M.Beller A.Tafesh W. A.Herrmann (to Hoechst AG) German Patent DE 19503119 1996.
Higgs G., 1997, Chem. Ind., 827
J. F.Perkins (Pfizer Ltd.) European Patent 1088817 2001;
J. E.Macor M. J.Wythes (to Pfizer Inc.) Int. Patent WO 9206973 1992;
Meng C. Q., 2000, Curr. Opin. Cent. Nerv. Syst. Invest. Drugs, 2, 186
DeVries R. A., 1998, Chem. Ind., 75, 467
A. J.Borchardt J.Gonzalez H.Li M. A.Linton J. H.Tatlock PCT Int. App.WO 2004/074270 2004.
Reviews:
Haber S., 1998, Aqueous‐Phase Organometallic Catalysis, 444
Poetsch E., 1988, Kontakte, 15
K.Eicken M.Rack F.Wetterich E.Ammermann G.Lorenz S.Strathmann (BASF AG Ludwigshafen) German Patent DE 19735224 1999;
1999, Chem. Abstr., 130, 182464
K.Eicken H.Rang A.Harreus N.Goetz E.Ammermann G.Lorenz S.Strathmann(BASF AG Ludwigshafen) German Patent DE19531813 1997;
1997, Chem. Abstr., 126, 264007
Reviews:
Beller M., 1996, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds
M.Scalone P.Vogt (to Hoffmann‐LaRoche) European Patent EP 385210 1990.
H.Geissler R.Pfirmann (to Clariant) German Patent DE 19815323 1998;
H.Geissler R.Pfirmann (to Clariant) European Patent EP 108649 2000.
EVONIK cataCXium®Ligand Kit 96‐6651 STREM Inc. 2008.
S.Klaus A.Zapf M.Beller J.Almena A.Monsees T.Riermeier H.Neumann (DHC) Verfahren zur Herstellung aromatischer Aldehyde German Patent DE 10 2005 014 822.0 2005.
For reviews see:
Reviews:
Jiang L., 2004, Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
D. B.Damon R. W.Dugger R. W.Scott Int. Patent WO 2002088085 A2 2001;
D. B.Damon R. W.Dugger R. W.Scott Int. Patent WO 2002088069 A2 2001.
Kosugi M., 1978, Chem. Lett., 1, 3