Realism in Spain: Galdós, Pardo Bazán, Clarín and the European context

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Alas, Leopoldo, “Prólogo aLa cuestión palpitante.” Leopoldo Alas: Teoría. 149–53.

,La Regenta. Ed. Gonzalo Sobejano. 2 vols. Clásicos Castalia 110 and 111. Madrid: Castalia, 1981. Trans. John Rutherford. Penguin Classics. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1984.

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Blanco Aguinaga, Carlos. “Having No Option: The Restoration of Order and the Education of Fortunata.” Trans. Peter A. Bly in Goldman,Conflicting Realities. 13-38. Rpt. “Entrar por el aro: restauración del ‘orden’ y educación de Fortunata.”La historia y el texto: tres novelas de Galdós. Madrid: Nuestra Cultura, 1978. 49–94.

, “On ‘The Birth of Fortunata’”.Anales Galdosianos: 3 (1968): 13–24.

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Bohl de Faber, Cecilia, pseud. Fernán Caballero.La gaviota. Ed. Julio Rodríguez-Luis. Textos Hispánicos Modernos 18. Barcelona: Labor, 1972. Trans. Joan Maclean.The Sea Gull. Woodbury, New York: Barrons Educational Series, 1965. [Does not include the author's Prologue of 1853.]

Bull, William E. “Clarín's Literary Internationalism.”Hispanic Review 16 (1948): 321–34.

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Caballero Fernán, see Cecilia Bohl de Faber.

Cardona, Rodolfo. “Nuevos enfoques críticos con referencia a la obra de Galdós.”Cuadernos hispanoamericanos 250–252 (1971): 58–72.

Carr, Raymond.Spain: 1808–1975. 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1982.

Chamberlin, Vernon A. “Aristophanes'The Birds and the Ornithological Tour de Force inFortunata y Jacinta.”Hispanic Review 55 (1987): 165–80.

Clarín, see Leopoldo Alas.

Davis, Gifford. “The ‘Coletilla’ to Pardo Bazán'sCuestión palpitante.”Hispanic Review 24 (1956): 50–63.

. “The Critical Reception of Naturalism in Spain beforeLa cuestión palpitante.”Hispanic Review 22 (1954): 97–108.

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Durand, Frank. “Leopoldo Alas, ‘Clarín’: Consistency of Outlook as Critic and Novelist.’Romanic Review 56 (1965): 37–49.

Eoff, Sherman H.The Modern Spanish Novel: Comparative Essays Examining the Philosophical Impact of Science on Fiction. New York: New York UP, 1961. 51–84.

“The Spanish Novel of ‘Ideas’: Critical Opinion (1836–1880).”PMLA 55 (1940): 531–58.

Ferreras, Juan Ignacio.La novela por entregas: 1840–1900 (concentración obrera y economía general). Persiles 56. Madrid: Taurus, 1972.

.Los orígenes de la novela decimonónica (1800–1830). Persiles 65. Madrid: Taurus, 1973.

Galerstein, Carolyn L. ed.Women Writers of Spain: An Annotated Bio-Bibliographical Guide. Non-Castilian materials edited by Kathleen McNerny. New York: Greenwood P, 1986.

Gilman, Stephen, “The Birth of Fortunata.”Anales Galdosianos 1 (1966): 71–83. Rev. and rpt. “The Art of Genesis.”Galdós and the Art of the European Novel: 1867–1887. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1981. 291–319.

Glendinning, Nigel.A Literary History of Spain. Ed. R. O. Jones.The Eighteenth Century. Vol. 4. London and New York: Ernest Benn and Barnes and Noble, 1972.

Goldman, Peter B. ed.Conflicting Realities: Four Readings of a Chapter by Pérez Galdós (Fortunata y Jacinta,Part III, Chapter IV). London: Tamesis, 1984.

Goldman, Peter B. “Feijoo and the Failed Revolution: A Dialectical Inquiry intoFortunata y Jacinta and the Poetics of Ambiguity.” Goldman,Conflicting Realities. 95–145.

“Galdós and the Nineteenth Century Novel: The Need for an Interdisciplinary Approach.”Anales galdosianos 10 (1975): 5–18.

“Toward a Sociology of the Modern Spanish Novel: The Early Years.”MLN 89 (1974): 173–90;MLN 90 (1975): 183–211.

Gullón, Agnes Moncy. “The Bird Motif and the Introductory Motif: Structure inFortunata y Jacinta.”Anales galdosianos 9 (1974): 51–75.

Gullón, Ricardo.“Clarín”: crítico literario. Publicaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras 1. Zaragoza: U of Zaragoza P, 1949.

Ife, Barry W. “Idealism and Materialism in Clarín'sLa Regenta: Two Comparative Studies.”Revue de littérature comparée 44 (1970): 273–95.

Jackson, Robert M. “‘Cervantismo’ in the Creative Process of Clarín'sLa Regenta.”MLN 84 (1969): 208–27.

Kirkpatrick, Susan. “On the Threshold of the Realist Novel: Gender and Genre inLa gaviota.”PMLA 98 (1983): 323–340.

. “The Ideology of Costumbrismo.”Ideologies and Literature 217 (1978): 28–44.

Kronik, John W. “Galdosian Reflections: Feijoo and the Fabrication of Fortunata.”MLN 97 (1982): 272–310. Rpt. Goldman,Conflicting Realities. 39–72.

López-Morillas, Juan.Hacia el 98: literatura, sociedad, ideología. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona: Ariel, 1972.

.The Krausist Movement and Ideological Change in Spain 1854–1874 Trans. Frances M. López-Morillas. Cambridge Iberian and Latin American Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1981.

Lukács, Georg.The Historical Novel. Trans. Hannah and Stanley Mitchell. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities P. 1978.

Marting, Diane, ed.Women Writers of Spanish America: An Annotated Bio-Bibliographical Guide. New York: Greenwood P, forthcoming.

Meyer, Doris, and Margarite Fernández Olmos, eds.Contemporary Women Authors of Latin America. Brooklyn, New York: Brooklyn College P, 1983.

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Montesinos, José F.Costumbrismo y novela: ensayo sobre el redescubrimiento de la realidad española. 2nd ed. La lupa y el escapelo 1. Madrid: Castalia, 1965.

Introducción a una historia de la novela en España, en el siglo XIX. Madrid: Castalia, 1955.

Olson, Paul R. “Galdós and History.”MLN 85 (1970): 274–79.

“Reacción y subversión enLa gaviota de Fernán Caballero.”Actas del VIII congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas. Ed. A. David Kossoff, José Amor y Vázquez, Ruth H. Kossoff, and Geoffrey W. Ribbans. Madrid: Istmo, 1986. 376–81.

Pardo Bazán, Emilia.La cuestión palpitante. Obras completas. Madrid: Pérez Dubrull, 1981. 1.

Pardo Bazán,Obras completas. 3 vols. 1: Ed. Federico Carlos Sainz de Robles, 4th ed.; 2: Ed. Federico Carlos Sainz de Robles, 3rd ed.; 3: Ed. Harry L. Kirby, Jr. Madrid: Aguilar, 1973.

Percival, Anthony.Galdós and His Critics. U of Toronto Romance Series 53. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1985.

Pérez Galdós, Benito.Fortunata and Jacinta: Two Stories of Married Women. Trans. Agnes Moncy Gullón. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1986.

.Obras completas. Novelas. Ed. Federico Carlos Sainz de Robles. 3 vols. Madrid: Aguilar, 1970–71.

. “Observaciones sobre el estado de la novela en Espaã.”Ideología y política en la novela española del siglo XIX. Ed. Iris M. Zavala. Salmanca: Anaya, 1971. 317–31.

“Our Friend Manso. Trans. Robert Russell. New York: Columbia UP, 1987.

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Regalado García, Antonio.Benito Pérez Galdós y la novela histórica española: 1868–1912. Madrid: Insula, 1966.

Ribbans, Geoffrey. “Contemporary History in the Structure and Characterization ofFortunata y Jacinta.” Varey. 90–113.

.Pérez Galdós: Fortunata y Jacinta. Critical Guides to Spanish Texts 21. London: Grant and Cutler, 1977.

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Sobejano, Gonzalo. “Eclipse y recuperación de Leopoldo Alas, Clarín”Clarín en su obra ejemplar. Literatura y sociedad 34. Madrid: Castalia, 1985. 161–185.

Utt, Roger L. “‘el pájaro voló’: observaciones sobre un leitmotif enFortunáta y Jacinta.”Anales galdosianos 9 (1974): 37–50.

Valis, Noël M.The Decadent Vision of Leopoldo Alas: A Study of La Regentaand Su único hijo. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1981.

Valls, Fernando.La enseñanza de la literatura en el franquismo (1936–1951). Barcelona: Antoni Bosch, 1983.

Varey, J. E., ed.Galdós Studies. London: Tamesis, 1970.

Virgillo, Carmelo, and Naomi Lindstrom, eds.Woman as Myth and Metaphor in Latin American Literature. Columbia: U. of Missouri P. 1985.

Weber, Frances (Wyers). “The Dynamics of Motif in Leopoldo Alas'sLa Regenta.”Romanic Review, 57 (1966): 188–89.