Real-time vision-based eye state detection for driver alertness monitoring

Underwood G (2005) Cognitive processes in eye guidance. Oxford University Press, New York Awake Consortium (2001–2004) AWAKE—System for effective assessment of driver vigilance and warning according to traffic risk estimation”. http://www.awake-eu.org. Accessed Jun 2009 Sherry P (2000) Fatigue countermeasures in the railroad industry: past and current developments. Assoc Am Railroads, Washington Williamson A, Chamberlain T (2005) Review of on-road driver fatigue monitoring devices. NSW Injury Risk Management Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales Ueno H, Kaneda M, Tsukino M (1994) Development of drowsiness detection system. In: Proceedings of the vehicle navigation and information systems conference, pp 15–20 Kircher A, Uddman M, Sandin J (2002) Vehicle control and drowsiness. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping Dinges DF, Grace R (1998) PERCLOS: a valid psychophysiological measure of alertness as assessed by psychomotor vigilance. US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Motor Carrier Research and Standards, Washington Wierwille WW, Ellsworth LA, Wreggit SS, Fairbanks RJ, Kirn CL (1994) Research on vehicle-based driver status/performance monitoring: development, validation, and refinement of algorithms for detection of driver drowsiness. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington Wang Q, Yang J, Ren M, Zheng Y (2006) Driver fatigue detection: a survey. In: Proceedings of the world congress on intelligent control, pp 8587–8591 Seeing Machines Limited. http://www.seeingmachines.com. Accessed Jun 2009 Ji Q, Yang X (2002) Real time eye gaze and face pose tracking for monitoring driver vigilance. Real-Time Imaging 8(5):357–377 Ji Q, Zhu Z, Lan P (2004) Real-time nonintrusive monitoring and prediction of driver fatigue. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 53(4):1052–1068 Selker T, Lockerd A, Martinez J, Burleson W (2001) Eye-R, a glasses-mounted eye motion detection interface. In: Proceedings of the conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 179–180 D’Orazio T, Leo M, Guaragnella C, Distante A (2007) A visual approach for driver inattention detection. Pattern Recogn 40(8):2341–2355 Smith P, Shah M, da Vitoria LN (2003) Determining driver visual attention with one camera. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 4(4):205–218 Wang Q, Yang J (2006) Eye location and eye state detection in facial images with unconstrained background. J Inform Comput Sci 1(5):284–289 Królak A, Strumillo P (2008) Vision-based eye blink monitoring system for human-computer interfacing. In: Proceedings of the conference on human systems interactions, pp 994–998 Grauman K, Betke M, Lombardi J, Gips J, Bradski GR (2003) Communication via eye blinks and eyebrow raises: video-based human-computer interfaces. Univ Access Inf Soc 2(4):359–373 Open Computer Vision Library. http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary. Accessed Jan 2009 Spacek L. Collection of facial images: Faces96. http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/mv/allfaces/faces96.html. Accessed Jan 2009 The BioID face database. http://www.bioid.com/downloads/facedb. Accessed Jan 2009 Hansen D, Ji Q (2003) In the eye of the beholder: a survey of models for eyes and gaze. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(3):478–500 Hallinan PW (1991) Recognizing human eyes. In: Geometric methods in computer vision. In: Proceedings of SPIE, vol 1570, San Diego, CA, USA, pp 214–226 Hansen DW (2006) Using colors for eye tracking. In: Lukac R, Plataniotis N (eds) Color image processing: methods and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 309–327 Phung SL, Bouzerdoum A, Chai D (2005) Skin segmentation using color pixel classification: analysis and comparison. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(1):148–154 Kakumanu P, Makrogiannis S, Bourbakis N (2007) A survey of skin-color modeling and detection methods. Pattern Recogn 40(3):1106–1122 Yang M, Ahuja N (1998) Detecting human faces in color images. In: Proceedings of the international conference on image processing, vol 1, pp 127–130 Sigal L, Sclaroff S, Athitsos V (2004) Skin color-based video segmentation under time-varying illumination. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 26(7):862–877 Feng GC, Yuen PC (1998) Variance projection function and its application to eye detection for human face recognition. Pattern Recogn Lett 19(9):899–906 Zhou ZH, Geng X (2004) Projection functions for eye detection. Pattern Recogn 37(5):1049–1056 Tian Z, Qin H (2005) Real-time driver’s eye state detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on vehicular electronics and safety, pp 285–289 Albu AB, Widsten B, Wang T, Lan J, Mah J (2008) A computer vision-based system for real-time detection of sleep onset in fatigued drivers. In: Proceedings of the IEEE intelligent vehicles symposium, pp 25–30 Bradski GR (1998) Real time face and object tracking as a component of a perceptual user interface. In: Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on applications of computer vision, pp 214–219 Swain MJ, Ballard DH (1991) Color indexing. Int J Comput Vision 7(1):11–32 Gevers T, Smeulders AWM (2004) Content based image retrieval: an overview. In: Medioni G, Kang SB (eds) Emerging topics in computer vision. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, pp 333–383 Kawato S, Tetsutani N (2004) Detection and tracking of eyes for gaze-camera control. Image Vis Comput 22(12):1031–1038 Rubner Y, Puzicha J, Tomasi C, Buhmann JM (2001) Empirical evaluation of dissimilarity measures for color and texture. Comput Vis Image Underst 84(1):25–43 Gevers T, Smeulders AWM (1999) Content-based image retrieval by viewpoint-invariant image indexing. Image Vis Comput 17(7):475–488 Schiele B, Crowley JL (1996) Object recognition using multidimensional receptive field histograms. In: Proceedings of the fourth European conference on computer vision, pp 14–16 Rubner Y, Tomasi C (2001) Perceptual metrics for image database navigation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell Bhattacharyya A (1943) On a measure of divergence between two statistical populations defined by their probability distributions. Bull Calcutta Math Soc 35:99–109 Comaniciu D, Ramesh V, Meer P (2003) Kernel-based object tracking. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 25(5):564–575 Rodgers JL, Nicewander WA (1988) Thirteen ways to look at the correlation coefficient. Am Statistician 42(1):59–66 Pratt W (2001) Shape analysis. In: Digital image processing: PIKS inside, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, USA, pp 589–612 Devijver PA, Kittler J (1982) Pattern recognition: a statistical approach. Prentice Hall, London Jain AK, Duin RPW, Mao J (2000) Statistical pattern recognition: a review. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(1):4–37 Haykin S (2008) Neural networks and learning machines, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, London Xiang C, Ding SQ, Lee TH (2005) Geometrical interpretation and architecture selection of MLP. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 16(1):84–96 Cristianini N, Shawe-Taylor J (2000) An introduction to support vector machines and other kernel-based learning methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Pan G, Sun L, Wu Z, Lao S (2007) Eyeblink-based anti-spoofing in face recognition from a generic webcamera. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 1–8 Fawcett T (2006) An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recogn Lett 27(8):861–874 González-Ortega D, Díaz-Pernas FJ, Martínez-Zarzuela M, Antón-Rodríguez M, Díez-Higuera JF, Boto-Giralda D (2010) Real-time hands, face and facial features detection and tracking: application to cognitive rehabilitation tests monitoring. J Netw Comp Appl 33(4):447–466