Reading the Tea Leaves: Anticarcinogenic Properties of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate

McKay, 2002, The role of tea in human health: an update, J Am Coll Nutr, 21, 1, 10.1080/07315724.2002.10719187 Bliss, 2003, Brewing up the latest tea research, Agric Res, 51, 10 Frei, 2003, Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in vivo: evidence from animal studies, J Nutr, 133, 3275S, 10.1093/jn/133.10.3275S Arab, 2003, The epidemiology of tea consumption and colorectal cancer incidence, J Nutr, 133, 3310S, 10.1093/jn/133.10.3310S Liao, 2001, The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate, Hong Kong Med J, 7, 369 Cabrera, 2006, Beneficial effects of green tea—a review, J Am Coll Nutr, 25, 79, 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719518 Jung, 2001, EGCG, a major component of green tea, inhibits tumour growth by inhibiting VEGF induction in human colon carcinoma cells, Br J Cancer, 84, 844, 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1691 Rietveld, 2003, Antioxidant effects of tea: evidence from human clinical trials, J Nutr, 133, 3285S, 10.1093/jn/133.10.3285S Tosetti, 2002, ‘Angioprevention’: angiogenesis is a common and key target for cancer chemopreventive agents, FASEB J, 16, 2, 10.1096/fj.01-0300rev Maiti, 2003, Effect of green tea polyphenols on angiogenesis induced by an angiogenin-like protein, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 308, 64, 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01338-X Furukawa, 2003, (–)-Epigallocatechin gallate causes oxidative damage to isolated and cellular DNA, Biochem Pharmacol, 66, 1769, 10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00541-0 Fang, 2003, Tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits DNA methyltransferase and reactivates methylation-silenced genes in cancer cell lines, Cancer Res, 63, 7563 Elbling, 2005, Green tea extract and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major tea catechin, exert oxidant but lack antioxidant activities, FASEB J, 19, 807, 10.1096/fj.04-2915fje Kanadzu, 2006, Dual function of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in healthy human lymphocytes, Cancer Lett, 241, 250, 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.10.021 Chen, 1998, Green tea epigallocatechin gallate shows a pronounced growth inhibitory effect on cancerous cells but not on their normal counterparts, Cancer Lett, 129, 173, 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00108-6 Ahn, 2003, A major constituent of green tea, EGCG, inhibits the growth of a human cervical cancer cell line, CaSki cells, through apoptosis, G(1) arrest, and regulation of gene expression, DNA Cell Biol, 22, 217, 10.1089/104454903321655846 Bamias, 2003, Angiogenesis in human cancer: implications in cancer therapy, Eur J Intern Med, 14, 459, 10.1016/j.ejim.2003.10.003 Sartippour, 2002, Green tea inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction in human breast cancer cells, J Nutr, 132, 2307, 10.1093/jn/132.8.2307 Tang, 2003, Green tea catechins inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro through suppression of VE-cadherin phosphorylation and inactivation of Akt molecule, Int J Cancer, 106, 871, 10.1002/ijc.11325 Tang, 2001, Green tea catechins and vitamin E inhibit angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells through suppression of IL-8 production, Nutr Cancer, 41, 119, 10.1080/01635581.2001.9680622 Lee, 2004, VEGF receptor phosphorylation status and apoptosis is modulated by a green tea component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Blood, 104, 788, 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2763 Chung, 2003, Tea and cancer prevention: studies in animals and humans, J Nutr, 133, 3268S, 10.1093/jn/133.10.3268S Hastak, 2003, Role of p53 and NF-kappaB in epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells, Oncogene, 22, 4851, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206708 Brusselmans, 2003, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a potent natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase in intact cells and selectively induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, Int J Cancer, 106, 856, 10.1002/ijc.11317 Wang, 2001, Green tea epigallocatechin gallate: a natural inhibitor of fatty-acid synthase, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 288, 1200, 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5923 Kitadai, 2003, Helicobacter pylori infection influences expression of genes related to angiogenesis and invasion in human gastric carcinoma cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 311, 809, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.077 Matsubara, 2003, Suppression of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis by green tea extract in Mongolian gerbils, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 310, 715, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.066 Yanagawa, 2003, A combination effect of epigallocatechin gallate, a major compound of green tea catechins, with antibiotics on Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro, Curr Microbiol, 47, 244, 10.1007/s00284-002-3956-6 Ahmad, 2001, Cutaneous photochemoprotection by green tea: a brief review, Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol, 14, 69, 10.1159/000056336 Katiyar, 2001, Green tea polyphenols: DNA photodamage and photoimmunology, J Photochem Photobiol B, 65, 109, 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00248-2 Tobi, 2002, The green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, protects against the oxidative cellular and genotoxic damage of UVA radiation, Int J Cancer, 102, 439, 10.1002/ijc.10730 Katiyar, 2000, Green tea polyphenol treatment to human skin prevents formation of ultraviolet light B-induced pyrimidine dimers in DNA, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 3864 Umemura, 2003, Prevention of dual promoting effects of pentachlorophenol, an environmental pollutant, on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepato- and cholangiocarcinogenesis in mice by green tea infusion, Carcinogenesis, 24, 1105, 10.1093/carcin/bgg053 Arimoto-Kobayashi, 2003, Inhibitory effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the mutation, DNA strand cleavage, and DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic amines, J Agric Food Chem, 51, 5150, 10.1021/jf0302761 2005 Gao, 1994, Reduced risk of esophageal cancer associated with green tea consumption, J Natl Cancer Inst, 86, 855, 10.1093/jnci/86.11.855 Ji, 1996, The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and green tea consumption on the risk of carcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China, Cancer, 77, 2449, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960615)77:12<2449::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-H Ji, 1997, Green tea consumption and the risk of pancreatic and colorectal cancers, Int J Cancer, 70, 255, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970127)70:3<255::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-W Yu, 1995, Green-tea consumption and risk of stomach cancer: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China, Cancer Causes Control, 6, 532, 10.1007/BF00054162 Zhong, 2001, A population-based case-control study of lung cancer and green tea consumption among women living in Shanghai, China, Epidemiology, 12, 695, 10.1097/00001648-200111000-00019 Zhang, 2006, Tea drinking and the risk of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China, Int J Cancer, 118, 3089, 10.1002/ijc.21748 Zhang, 2007, Green tea and the prevention of breast cancer: a case-control study in southeast China, Carcinogenesis, 28, 1074, 10.1093/carcin/bgl252 Zhang, 2002, Tea consumption and ovarian cancer risk: a case-control study in China, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, 713 Jian, 2004, Protective effect of green tea against prostate cancer: a case-control study in southeast China, Int J Cancer, 108, 130, 10.1002/ijc.11550 Kato, 1990, A comparative case-control study of colorectal cancer and adenoma, Jpn J Cancer Res, 81, 1101, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02520.x Inoue, 1998, Tea and coffee consumption and the risk of digestive tract cancers: data from a comparative case-referent study in Japan, Cancer Causes Control, 9, 209, 10.1023/A:1008890529261 Lu, 1999, Tea consumption: fluid intake and bladder cancer risk in Southern Taiwan, Urology, 54, 823, 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00281-2 Wakai, 2004, Foods and beverages in relation to urothelial cancer: case-control study in Japan, Int J Urol, 11, 11, 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00740.x Wu, 2003, Green tea and risk of breast cancer in Asian Americans, Int J Cancer, 106, 574, 10.1002/ijc.11259 Wu, 2003, Tea intake, COMT genotype, and breast cancer in Asian-American women, Cancer Res, 63, 7526 Nakachi, 2000, Preventive effects of drinking green tea on cancer and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological evidence for multiple targeting prevention, Biofactors, 13, 49, 10.1002/biof.5520130109 Inoue, 2001, Regular consumption of green tea and the risk of breast cancer recurrence: follow-up study from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), Japan, Cancer Lett, 167, 175, 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00486-4 Sasazuki, 2004, Green tea consumption and subsequent risk of gastric cancer by subsite: the JPHC Study, Cancer Causes Control, 15, 483, 10.1023/B:CACO.0000036449.68454.42 Tsubono, 2001, Green tea and the risk of gastric cancer in Japan, N Engl J Med, 344, 632, 10.1056/NEJM200103013440903 Hoshiyama, 2004, A nested case-control study of stomach cancer in relation to green tea consumption in Japan, Br J Cancer, 90, 135, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601512 Suzuki, 2004, Green tea and the risk of breast cancer: pooled analysis of two prospective studies in Japan, Br J Cancer, 90, 1361, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601652 Suzuki, 2005, Green tea and the risk of colorectal cancer: pooled analysis of two prospective studies in Japan, J Epidemiol, 15, 118, 10.2188/jea.15.118 Kuriyama, 2006, Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan: the Ohsaki study, JAMA, 296, 1255, 10.1001/jama.296.10.1255 Kikuchi, 2006, No association between green tea and prostate cancer risk in Japanese men: the Ohsaki Cohort Study, Br J Cancer, 95, 371, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603230 Yuan, 2005, Green tea intake, ACE gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore, Carcinogenesis, 26, 1389, 10.1093/carcin/bgi080 Binns, 2004, Green tea consumption enhances survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 13, S116 Sun, 2002, Urinary tea polyphenols in relation to gastric and esophageal cancers: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China, Carcinogenesis, 23, 1497, 10.1093/carcin/23.9.1497 Sun, 2006, Green tea, black tea and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies, Carcinogenesis, 27, 1301, 10.1093/carcin/bgl024 Sun, 2006, Green tea, black tea and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies, Carcinogenesis, 27, 1310, 10.1093/carcin/bgi276 Seely, 2005, The effects of green tea consumption on incidence of breast cancer and recurrence of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Integr Cancer Ther, 4, 144, 10.1177/1534735405276420 Yang, 1998, Blood and urine levels of tea catechins after ingestion of different amounts of green tea by human volunteers, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 7, 351 Chow, 2001, Phase I pharmacokinetic study of tea polyphenols following single-dose administration of epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, 53 Chow, 2003, Pharmacokinetics and safety of green tea polyphenols after multiple-dose administration of epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E in healthy individuals, Clin Cancer Res, 9, 3312 Henning, 2004, Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of tea flavanols after consumption of green tea, black tea, or a green tea extract supplement, Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 1558, 10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1558 Lee, 2002, Pharmacokinetics of tea catechins after ingestion of green tea and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate by humans: formation of different metabolites and individual variability, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, 1025 Warden, 2001, Catechins are bioavailable in men and women drinking black tea throughout the day, J Nutr, 131, 1731, 10.1093/jn/131.6.1731 Pisters, 2001, Phase I trial of oral green tea extract in adult patients with solid tumors, J Clin Oncol, 19, 1830, 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.6.1830 August, 1999, Ingestion of green tea rapidly decreases prostaglandin E2 levels in rectal mucosa in humans, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8, 709 Ahn, 2003, Protective effects of green tea extracts (polyphenon E and EGCG) on human cervical lesions, Eur J Cancer Prev, 12, 383, 10.1097/00008469-200310000-00007 Bettuzzi, 2006, Chemoprevention of human prostate cancer by oral administration of green tea catechins in volunteers with high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia: a preliminary report from a one-year proof-of-principle study, Cancer Res, 66, 1234, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1145 Luo, 2006, Phase IIa chemoprevention trial of green tea polyphenols in high-risk individuals of liver cancer: modulation of urinary excretion of green tea polyphenols and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, Carcinogenesis, 27, 262, 10.1093/carcin/bgi147 Wang, 2002, Intervention and follow-up on human esophageal precancerous lesions in Henan, northern China, a high-incidence area for esophageal cancer, Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 29, 159 Jatoi, 2003, A phase II trial of green tea in the treatment of patients with androgen independent metastatic prostate carcinoma, Cancer, 97, 1442, 10.1002/cncr.11200 Choan, 2005, A prospective clinical trial of green tea for hormone refractory prostate cancer: an evaluation of the complementary/alternative therapy approach, Urol Oncol, 23, 108, 10.1016/j.urolonc.2004.10.008 Laurie, 2005, Phase I study of green tea extract in patients with advanced lung cancer, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 55, 33, 10.1007/s00280-004-0859-1 Nakachi, 1998, Influence of drinking green tea on breast cancer malignancy among Japanese patients, Jpn J Cancer Res, 89, 254, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00556.x Adhami, 2003, Molecular targets for green tea in prostate cancer prevention, J Nutr, 133, 2417S, 10.1093/jn/133.7.2417S