Khôi phục cộng đồng ong và lúc lỉn làm tổ trong các hốc trên một gradient tái rừng ở vùng Amazon phía Nam

Oecologia - Tập 196 - Trang 275-288 - 2021
Gustavo Júnior de Araújo1, Thiago Junqueira Izzo1, Danielle Storck-Tonon2, Lucas N. Paolucci3, Raphael K. Didham4,5
1Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, Brazil
3Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
4School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
5Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Perth, Australia

Tóm tắt

Những sáng kiến toàn cầu nhằm tái trồng rừng những vùng đất bị suy thoái đã gia tăng trong những năm gần đây, nhằm đảo ngược những tác động tiêu cực đến môi trường do sự mất đi của môi trường sống đối với các loài và hệ sinh thái mà chúng cung cấp. Tuy nhiên, hiệu quả của những sáng kiến tái trồng rừng này trong việc phục hồi đa dạng sinh học vẫn chưa được hiểu rõ. Chúng tôi đã thử nghiệm cách mà loại hình và cường độ tái trồng rừng áp dụng cho những vùng đất mất rừng ảnh hưởng đến việc thiết lập lại cộng đồng ong và lúc lỉn làm tổ trong hốc. Chúng tôi đã triển khai các bẫy tổ thử nghiệm dọc theo một gradient tái trồng rừng, với độ tương đồng cấu trúc ngày càng tăng so với rừng nguyên sinh, sau 18 năm tái trồng. Chúng tôi phát hiện ra rằng việc thiết lập lại, xét về độ phong phú và sự đa dạng của cả ong và lúc lỉn, đạt cực đại ở một điểm trung gian dọc theo gradient tái trồng. Tuy nhiên, các cộng đồng này có sự khác biệt lớn so với rừng nguyên sinh, và sự phục hồi thành phần cộng đồng côn trùng nguyên vẹn chỉ đạt được khi việc tái trồng rừng có cấu trúc tương tự như các rừng tự nhiên. Hiệu ứng này rõ ràng hơn đối với ong so với lúc lỉn. Các phát hiện của chúng tôi gợi ý rằng dọc theo gradient tái trồng rừng, các dịch vụ do lúc lỉn cung cấp sẽ dễ dàng phục hồi hơn so với những dịch vụ do ong cung cấp. Kết quả của chúng tôi có những ý nghĩa quan trọng đối với những thách thức trong việc phục hồi và duy trì đa dạng sinh học các loài cũng như các dịch vụ hệ sinh thái liên quan của chúng.

Từ khóa

#tái trồng rừng #đa dạng sinh học #ong #lúc lỉn #Amazon

Tài liệu tham khảo

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