Raw faba bean (Vicia faba) as an alternative protein source in laying hen diets

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Geflugel., 36, 88 Wilson, 1974, Performance of two strains of laying fowls fed on diets containing field beans (Vicia faba L.), J. Agric. Sci., 83, 231, 10.1017/S002185960005190X Davidson, 1973, The nutritive value of field beans (Vicia faba. L.) for laying hens, Br. Poult. Sci., 14, 557, 10.1080/00071667308416065 Perez-Maldonado, 1999, Optimum inclusion of field peas, faba beans, chick peas and sweet lupins in poultry diets. I. Chemical composition and layer experiments, Br. Poult. Sci., 40, 667, 10.1080/00071669987061 Kaya, 2013, The effect of raw and processed common vetch seed (Vicia sative) added to diets of laying hens on performance, egg quality, blood parameters and live histopathology, J. Poult. Sci., 50, 228, 10.2141/jpsa.0120013 Yalcin, 1998, The effect of common vetch seed (Vicia sativa L.) added to the quail rations on growth, carcass yield and some blood parameters, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 22, 37 Marquardt, 1989, Dietary effects of tannins, vicine and convicine, 141 NRC, 1994 AOAC, 2006 Feed intake was estimated as grams of feed disappearance over 7d divided by the number of bird days, adjusted for mortalities, while feed efficiency (kg egg /kg feed) was computed as the egg mass divided by the amount of feed consumed. Based on a daily hen-day basis, eggs were collected and the laying rate was calculated. The average daily egg weight and egg number were recorded to estimate the egg mass (egg laying rate × egg weight). Eggs were weighed and carefully broken on a flat glass surface (35 × 25 cm). After mixing the albumen and yolk, 3 to 4 g of the homogenate was withdrawn into an aluminum dish with the weight recorded to the nearest 0.001 g. Using a hot air oven, the samples were dried at 70°C for 24 h and then weighed [19]. Starting in the 20th week of age and throughout the experimental period, the samples of the egg solids were analyzed on a monthly basis for their content of ether extract (total lipids), Ash (inorganic matter) by method 920.39A [19]and nitrogen by micro-Kjeldahl method 984.13 [19], protein contents were estimated by multiplying nitrogen content by a constant factor of 6.25. Organic matter percent was calculated using the formula = 100 – Ash percent. Using specific spectrophotometric-based diagnostic kits, the serum total proteins (g/dl), albumin (g/dl), calcium (mg/100 mL), phosphorus (mg/100Ml), triglyceride (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (mg/dl) levels were estimated according to the manufacture procedures described by the Spectrum Diagnostics Co for Biotechnology, Egypt. Ishihard, 1972, Enzymatic determination of ammonia in blood plasma, Clin. Chim. 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Sci., 61, 757, 10.4141/cjas81-091 Tufarelli, 2015, Feeding of dehulled-micronized faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) as substitute for soybean meal in guinea fowl broilers: effect on productive performance and meat quality, Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 28, 1471, 10.5713/ajas.15.0245 Laudadio, 2011, Productive traits and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens fed diets containing micronized fava beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) as the main protein source, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 20, 12, 10.3382/japr.2010-00173