Rapid recovery of Dutch gray seal colonies fueled by immigration

Marine Mammal Science - Tập 31 Số 2 - Trang 405-426 - 2015
S.M.J.M. Brasseur1, Tamara D. van Polanen Petel1, Tim Gerrodette2, Erik H. Meesters1, P.J.H. Reijnders3,1, Geert Aarts3,1
1IMARES, Department of Ecology, PO Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherlands
2Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A
3Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Droevendaalse steeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

AbstractGray seals were first observed breeding in the Dutch Wadden Sea in 1985, after centuries of absence. The breeding colony there is now the largest on the European continent. We describe the changes in gray seal numbers and their geographical expansion, and estimate how these processes were influenced by immigration from other colonies. Counts of hauled out animals were carried out between 1985 and 2013, monitoring three different periods of the seals' annual cycle. Using priors determined for the UK population, a Bayesian demographic model was fitted to pup numbers to estimate the population parameters driving the growth. This included immigration of subadults into the breeding population, which contributed to an average growth rate in the pup counts of 19%/yr, much higher than expected in a closed population. This immigration may account for approximately 35% of the total annual growth. In addition, at least 200 gray seals from the UK visit the area temporarily. Recovery of the population in the Netherlands occurred more than 50 yr after gray seals were protected in the UK. These time scales should be taken into account when studying long living marine mammals, e.g., in impact and conservation studies.

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Marine Mammal Science

Tập 31 Số 2

405-426

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