Rapamycin inhibits cell proliferation in type I and type II endometrial carcinomas: A search for biomarkers of sensitivity to treatment

Jemal, 2009, Cancer statistics, 2009, CA Cancer J Clin, 59, 225, 10.3322/caac.20006 Bokhman, 1983, Two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma, Gynecol Oncol, 15, 10, 10.1016/0090-8258(83)90111-7 Abal, 2006, Molecular pathology of endometrial carcinoma: transcriptional signature in endometrioid tumors, Histol Histopathol, 21, 197 Hecht, 2006, Molecular and pathologic aspects of endometrial carcinogenesis, J Clin Oncol, 24, 4783, 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.7173 Lax, 2004, Molecular genetic pathways in various types of endometrial carcinoma: from a phenotypical to a molecular-based classification, Virchows Arch, 444, 213, 10.1007/s00428-003-0947-3 Ambros, 1995, Endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma: a distinctive lesion specifically associated with tumors displaying serous differentiation, Hum Pathol, 26, 1260, 10.1016/0046-8177(95)90203-1 Gehrig PA, Bae-Jump VL. Promising novel therapies for the treatment of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2010;116(2):187–94. Mutter, 2000, Altered PTEN expression as a diagnostic marker for the earliest endometrial precancers, J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, 924, 10.1093/jnci/92.11.924 Cantley, 1999, New insights into tumor suppression: PTEN suppresses tumor formation by restraining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 4240, 10.1073/pnas.96.8.4240 Pullen, 1997, The modular phosphorylation and activation of p70s6k, FEBS Lett, 410, 78, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00323-2 Sonenberg, 1998, The mRNA 5′ cap-binding protein eIF4E and control of cell growth, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 10, 268, 10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80150-6 Zhou, 2003, Rapamycin inhibits telomerase activity by decreasing the hTERT mRNA level in endometrial cancer cells, Mol Cancer Ther, 2, 789 Bieche, 2000, Quantitation of hTERT gene expression in sporadic breast tumors with a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 452 Jefferies, 1997, Rapamycin suppresses 5′TOP mRNA translation through inhibition of p70s6k, EMBO J, 16, 3693, 10.1093/emboj/16.12.3693 Gingras, 2001, Regulation of translation initiation by FRAP/mTOR, Genes Dev, 15, 807, 10.1101/gad.887201 Pause, 1994, Dominant negative mutants of mammalian translation initiation factor eIF-4A define a critical role for eIF-4F in cap-dependent and cap-independent initiation of translation, EMBO J, 13, 1205, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06370.x Bansal, 2009, The molecular biology of endometrial cancers and the implications for pathogenesis, classification, and targeted therapies, Cancer Control, 16, 8, 10.1177/107327480901600102 Oda, 2005, High frequency of coexistent mutations of PIK3CA and PTEN genes in endometrial carcinoma, Cancer Res, 65, 10669, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2620 Podsypanina, 2001, An inhibitor of mTOR reduces neoplasia and normalizes p70/S6 kinase activity in Pten+/− mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 10320, 10.1073/pnas.171060098 Shi, 2002, Enhanced sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells containing PTEN mutations to CCI-779, Cancer Res, 62, 5027 Grunwald, 2002, Inhibitors of mTOR reverse doxorubicin resistance conferred by PTEN status in prostate cancer cells, Cancer Res, 62, 6141 Neshat, 2001, Enhanced sensitivity of PTEN-deficient tumors to inhibition of FRAP/mTOR, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 10314, 10.1073/pnas.171076798 Noh, 2004, Determinants of rapamycin sensitivity in breast cancer cells, Clin Cancer Res, 10, 1013, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0043 Bae-Jump, 2006, Rapamycin inhibits hTERT telomerase mRNA expression, independent of cell cycle arrest, Gynecol Oncol, 100, 487, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.08.053 Yu, 2001, mTOR, a novel target in breast cancer: the effect of CCI-779, an mTOR inhibitor, in preclinical models of breast cancer, Endocr Relat Cancer, 8, 249, 10.1677/erc.0.0080249 Yang, 2008, PTEN loss does not predict for response to RAD001 (Everolimus) in a glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft test panel, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 3993, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4152 Breuleux, 2009, Increased AKT S473 phosphorylation after mTORC1 inhibition is rictor dependent and does not predict tumor cell response to PI3K/mTOR inhibition, Mol Cancer Ther, 8, 742, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0668 Boulay, 2004, Antitumor efficacy of intermittent treatment schedules with the rapamycin derivative RAD001 correlates with prolonged inactivation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Cancer Res, 64, 252, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-3554-2 Peralba, 2003, Pharmacodynamic evaluation of CCI-779, an inhibitor of mTOR, in cancer patients, Clin Cancer Res, 9, 2887 Tabernero, 2008, Dose- and schedule-dependent inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway with everolimus: a phase I tumor pharmacodynamic study in patients with advanced solid tumors, J Clin Oncol, 26, 1603, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.5482 Dudkin, 2001, Biochemical correlates of mTOR inhibition by the rapamycin ester CCI-779 and tumor growth inhibition, Clin Cancer Res, 7, 1758 Houghton PJ. Everolimus. Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(5):1368–72. Stewart, 2000, Telomerase and human tumorigenesis, Semin Cancer Biol, 10, 399, 10.1006/scbi.2000.0339 Yokoyama, 1998, Telomerase activity in the female reproductive tract and neoplasms, Gynecol Oncol, 68, 145, 10.1006/gyno.1997.4921 Zheng, 1997, Telomerase activity in gynecologic tumors, Gynecol Oncol, 64, 171, 10.1006/gyno.1996.4523 Zhu, 1996, Cell cycle-dependent modulation of telomerase activity in tumor cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 6091, 10.1073/pnas.93.12.6091 Holt, 1997, Lack of cell cycle regulation of telomerase activity in human cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 10687, 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10687 Svenson, 2009, Telomere length as a biological marker in malignancy, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1792, 317, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.01.017