Radiocarbon Chronology of the Holocene Dead Sea: Attempting a Regional Correlation

Radiocarbon - Tập 43 Số 3 - Trang 1179-1189 - 2001
Amos Frumkin1, Galit Kadan2, Yehouda Enzel1,3, Y. Eyal2
1Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
2Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
3Institute of Earth Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Israel

Tóm tắt

Holocene sedimentary and geomorphic sequences from the Dead Sea region, Israel, are compared by correlation of more than 50 radiocarbon dates. The 14C dates provided the chronological basis that enabled us to detect basin-scale events that are hard to ascertain in single-site records. This paper is the first attempt to compare different Holocene records from several sites along the Dead Sea, based on their chrono-stratigraphy. Included is the first publication of the paleoclimatic record of the Nahal Darga ephemeral stream valley. Such a regional compilation is needed, because only the integration and comparative evaluation of several records can produce a reliable climatic history by establishing the height of former Dead Sea levels that may be complicated by tectonics and the rise of Mount Sedom. A relatively high level of the Holocene Dead Sea occurred during the mid-Holocene around 4400 BP or about 3000 cal BCE after calibration. The lake level fell sharply around 4000 BP, i.e. 2500 cal BCE, and later fluctuated close to early 20th century levels. The 14C-based correlation is also used to estimate the rising rates of the Mount Sedom salt diapir that are apparently smaller than 10 mm per year.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Frumkin, 1997, The Dead Sea—the lake and its setting

10.1007/978-94-017-3659-6_5

Zak, 1967, The geology of Mount Sedom, 208

Roberts, 1982, Lake levels as an indicator of Near Eastern palaeo-climates: a preliminary appraisal, Palaeoclimates, palaeoenvironments and human communities in the eastern Mediterranean region in later prehistory, I33

10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00075-6

10.1086/317962

Druckman, 1987, The shrinking of Lake Lisan, as reflected by the diagenesis of its marginal oolitic deposits, Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 36

10.1007/s001140050416

10.1002/1096-9837(200008)25:9<951::AID-ESP110>3.0.CO;2-8

10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00070-7

10.1038/263755a0

Talma, 1997, The Dead Sea—the lake and its setting

10.1038/366146a0

Stiller, 1988, Organic and inorganic 14C concentrations in the sediments of Lake Kinneret and the Dead Sea (Israel) and the factors which control them, Chemical Geology, 73, 63

Kahana, 1999, Synoptic hydroclimatology of major floods in the Negev and Arava, southern Israel, 78

Neev, 1967, The Dead Sea, depositional processes and environments of evaporites, Geological Survey of Israel Bulletin, 41, 1

Ken-Tor R , Stein M , Enzel Y , Marco S , Marco S , Negendank JFW . 2001. Precision of calibrated radiocarbon ages of historic earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin. Radiocarbon. This issue.

10.1006/qres.1993.1007

10.1038/152274c0

10.1029/1999JB900084

Anati, 1995, The residual effect of the 1991–93 rainy winter on the Dead Sea stratification, Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 44, 63

10.1016/0012-821X(87)90181-6

Manspeizer, 1985, Strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation

10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00279-4

Bartov Y , Stein A , Enzel Y , Agnon A , Reches Z . In press. Lake levels and sequence stratigraphy of Lake Lisan, the Late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea. Quaternary Research.

Klein, 1982, Morphological evidence of lake level changes, western shore of the Dead Sea, Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 67

Klein, 1965, On the fluctuations of the level of the Dead Sea since the beginning of the 19th century, 83

Yechieli, 2000, Hever 1 borehole - geological and hydrological finds (in Hebrew), 14p

Gavrieli, 1997, The Dead Sea — the lake and its setting

Stiller, 1997, The Dead Sea —the lake and its setting

Frumkin, 1992, The karst system of the Mount Sedom salt diapir, 210

Neev, 1995, The destruction of Sedom, Gomorrah, and Jericho, 175

10.1560/GXHT-AK5W-46EF-VTR8

10.1006/qres.1996.0050

10.1177/095968369100100301

Begin, 1985, Dead Sea and Lake Lisan levels in the last 30,000 years, 18

10.1038/349406a0

Bowman D , Bruins HJ , van der Plicht J . 2001. Load structure seismites in the Dead Sea area (Israel): Chronological benchmarking with 14C dating. Radiocarbon. This issue.

10.4319/lo.1984.29.3.0574

Frumkin, 1994, Late Quaternary Chronology and Paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean

10.1016/0033-5894(79)90092-9

10.1017/S0033822200019123

BenDavid-Novak, 1998, Modern and Holocene debris flows along the western escarpment of the Dead Sea, 129

10.1126/science.206.4414.55

Migowski, 1998, Post-Lisan record documented in sediment sequences from the western shore area and the central basin of the Dead Sea, Terra Nostra, 98

Ken-Tor R , Stein M , Enzel Y , Marco S , Agnon A , Negendank JFW . 1998. Late Holocene earthquakes recorded by lake sediments, Ze'elim Plain, Dead Sea. Paper read at Israel Geological Society Annual Meeting at Mitzpe Ramon. 53 p.

Kadan, 1997, Evidence of Dead-Sea level fluctuations and neotectonic events in the Holocene fan-delta of Nahal Darga, 54

10.1126/science.175.4026.1069

10.1006/qres.1999.2096

Bull WB . 1991. Geomorphic responses to climatic change. New York: Oxford. 326 p.

10.1007/BF00139077

10.1126/science.278.5339.825

Frumkin, 1996b, Salt Tectonics, Special Publication no. 100