Racialization in Switzerland: experiences of children of refugees from Kurdish, Tamil and Vietnamese backgrounds

Alber, J.-L., Ossipow, L., Outzambet, V., & Waldis, B. (2000). Mariage tous azimuts: approche pluridisciplinaire des couples binationaux [All-round marriage: a multidisciplinary approach to binational couples]. Fribourg: Studia Ethnographica Friburgensia. Balibar, É. (2005). La construction du racisme [The Construction of Racism]. Actuel Marx, 38(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.3917/amx.038.0011. Bassel, L., & Emejulu, A. (2017). Minority women and austerity. Survival and resistance in France and Britain. Bristol: Policy Press. Bloch, A., & Solomos, J. (2010). Race and ethnicity in the 21 st century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Bolzman, C. (1992). Violence politique, exil et politique d’asile: l’exemple des réfugiés en Suisse [Political violence, exile and asylum policy: the case of refugees in Switzerland]. Revue suisse de sociologie, 3, 675–693. Bolzman, C., Eckmann, M., Salberg, A.-C., & Grünberg, K. (2000). Le racisme au quotidien: une typologie des incidents racistes en Suisse romande [Daily racism: a typology of racist incidents in the French speaking part of Switzerland]. In P. Centlivres, & I. Girod (Eds.), Les défis migratoires [The migration challenges], (pp. 83–88). Zurich: Seismo. Bolzman, C., Fibbi, R., & Vial, M. (2003). Secondas-Secondos. Le processus d’intégration des jeunes adultes issus de la migration espagnole et italienne en Suisse [Secondos-Secondas. Integration process of young adults from Spanish and Italian migration to Switzerland]. Zurich: Seismo. Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction. Critique sociale du jugement [Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste]. Paris: Minuit. Cattacin, S., Gerber, B., Sardi, M., & Wegener, R. (2006). Monitoring rightwing extremist attitudes, xenophobia and misanthropy in Switzerland. An explorative study (Research report – PNR 40+, Sociograph - Sociological Research. Study No 1 of the Department of sociology). Geneva: University of Geneva. Centlivres, P., Centlivres-Démont, M., Maillard, N., & Ossipow, L. (1991). Une seconde nature: pluralisme, naturalisation et identité en Suisse romande et au Tessin [A second nature: pluralism, naturalization and identity in French-speaking Switzerland and Ticino]. Lausanne: L’Âge d’Homme. Chimienti, M., Counilh, A.-L., & Ossipow, L. (2019). Second generation from refugee backgrounds: affects and transnational ties and practices to the ancestral homeland. In A. Bloch, & G. Donna (Eds.), Forced migration: Current issues and debates. London: Routledge. Collins, P. H. (2009). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (first published 2000). New York and London: Routledge Classics, Vol. 138. (1st ed.). Collins, P. H., & Solomos, J. (2010). The SAGE handbook of race and ethnic studies. Los Angeles: SAGE. Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Crul, M., Schneider, J., & Lelie, F. (Eds.) (2012). The European second generation compared: Does the integration context matter? Amsterdam: IMISCOE Research: Amsterdam University Press. D’Amato, G. (2001). Vom Ausländer zum Bürger: der Streit um die politische Integration von Einwanderern in Deutschland, Frankreich und der Schweiz [From foreigners to citizens: the struggle for the political integration of immigrants in Germany, France and Switzerland]. Münster: LIT Verlag. Dorlin, E. (2006). La matrice de la race: généalogie sexuelle et coloniale de la nation française [The Matrix of Race: Sexual and Colonial Genealogy of the French Nation]. Paris: La Découverte coll. “Textes à l’appui / Genre et sexualité”. Duemmler, K., & Dahinden, J. (2016). Gehören wir dazu? Grenzziehungsprozesse und Positionierungen der zweite Generation im Vergleich zwischen Luzern und Neuenburg [Do we belong? Boundary making and positioning of the second generation:a comparision between Lucerne and Neuchâtel]. Swiss Journal of Sociology, 42(2), 309–331. Eckmann, M., Sebeledi, D., Bouhadouza, V., & Wicht, L. (2009). L’incident raciste au quotidien: représentations, dilemmes et interventions des travailleurs sociaux et des enseignants [The daily racist incident: representations, dilemna and interventions of social workers and teachers]. Genève: Ies éditions: Haute école de travail social. Fassin, D. (2006a). Nommer, interpréter. Le sens commun de la question raciale [To name, to interpret. The common sense of the racial question]. In D. Fassin, & E. Fassin (Eds.), De la question sociale à la question raciale? [From the social question to the racial question] (pp. 17–36). Paris: La Découverte. Fassin, D. (2006b). Du déni à la dénégation. Psychologie politique de la représentation des discriminations [From denial to denegation. Political psychology of the representation of discrimination]. In D. Fassin, & E. Fassin (Eds.), De la question sociale à la question raciale? [From the social question to the racial question?] (pp. 131–157). Paris: La Découverte. Felouzis, G., Charmillot, S., & Fouquet-Chauprade, B. (2011). Les inégalités scolaires en Suisse et leurs déclinaisons cantonales: l’apport de l’enquête Pisa 2003 [Educational Inequality in Switzerland and Cantonal Variations: The Contribution of the 2003 Pisa Study]. Revue suisse de sociologie, 37(1), 33–55. Fibbi, R., Kaya, B., & Piguet, E. (2003). Nomen est omen: quand s’appeler Pierre, Afrim ou Mehmet fait la différence [Nomen is omen: when to be called Pierre, Afrim or Mehmet makes the difference]. Berne; Aarau: Fonds nationale suisse: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds. Goffman, E. (1986/1963) Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New-York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. Goldberg, D. T. (2006). Racial Europeanization. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(2), 331–364. Gomensoro, A., & Bolzman, C. (2016). Les trajectoires éducatives de la seconde génération. Quel déterminisme des filières du secondaire I et comment certains jeunes le surmontent? [Education pathways of the second-generation. What kind of determinism in lower secondary educational tracking and how some youngster overcome it]. Revue suisse de sociologie, 42(2), 291–311. Guillaumin, C. (1995). Racism, sexism, power, and ideology. London; New York: Routledge. Haab, K., Bolzman, C., Kugler, A., & Yilmaz, Ö. (2010). Diaspora et communautés de migrants de Turquie en Suisse [Diaspora and migrant communities of Turkey in Switzerland]. Berne: ODM. Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Hess, M., & Korf, B. (2014). Tamil diaspora and the political spaces of second-generation activism in Switzerland. Global Networks, 14(4), 419–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12052. Hirsch, S. (2017). Racism, ‘second generation’ refugees and the asylum system. Identities, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2017.1361263. Lavanchy, A. (2014). The circulation of people. How does “race” matter in Switzerland? (Working paper 7, 2014/E). Neuchâtel: MAPS. Mahnig, H., & Cattacin, S. (2005). Histoire de la politique de migration, d’asile et d’intégration en Suisse depuis 1948 [History of migration, asylum and integration policy in Switzerland since 1948]. Zürich: Seismo. Michel, N. (2015). Sheepology: The postcolonial politics of raceless racism in Switzerland. Postcolonial Studies, 18(4), 410–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2015.1191987. Minder, P. (2011). La Suisse coloniale. Les représentations de l’Afrique et des Africains en Suisse au temps des colonies (1880- 1939) [Colonial Switzerland]. Bern: Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0352-0063-8. Monsutti, A., Grange Omokaro, F., Gazagne, P., & Cattacin, S. (2017). Complicity and antagonism. Anthropological views of Geneva. Genève: Université de Genève, Sociograph, Sociological Research Studies. Moret, J., Efionayi, D., & Stants, F. (2007). Diaspora sri lankaise en Suisse [ Sri Lankan diaspora in Switzerland ]. Office fédéral des migrations ODM. Retrieved from https://www.sem.admin.ch/dam/data/sem/publiservice/publikationen/diaspora/diasporastudie-srilanka-f.pdf. Murji, K., & Solomos, J. (Ed.). (2005). Racialization: studies in theory and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ndiaye, P. (2006). Questions de couleur: histoire, idéologie et pratiques du colorisme [Questions of color: history, ideology and practices of colorism]. In D. Fassin, & E. Fassin (Eds.), De la question sociale à la question raciale?[ From the social question to the racial question? ] (pp. 37–54). Paris: La Découverte. Ossipow, L. (2011). De la culture à la citoyenneté: réflexion sur trois recherches ethnologiques menées en contexte helvétique [From culture to citizenship: reflection on three ethnological studies conducted in a Swiss context]. In A. Lavanchy, F. Dervin, & A. Gajardo (Eds.), Pour une interculturalité renouvelée? [For a renewed interculturality?] (pp. 90–118). Paris: L’Harmattan. Ossipow, L., & Felder, M. (2015). Ethnography of a political ritual: Speeches given to new Swiss citizens by representatives of the state. Citizenship Studies, 19(3–4), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2015.1006175. Parini, L. (1997). “La Suisse terre d’asile”: un mythe ébranlé par l’histoire [Switzerland, country of political asylum]. Revue européenne de migrations internationales, 13(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.3406/remi.1997.1532. Piguet, E. (2009). L’immigration en Suisse soixante ans d’entrouverture [Immigration to Switzerland]. Lausanne: Pr. polytechniques et universitaires romandes. Poiret, C. (2011). Les processus d’ethnicisation et de raci (ali) sation dans la France contemporaine: Africains, Ultramarins et “ Noirs ” [Processes of ethnicization and raci(ali)zation in the contemporary french context: Africans, Caribbeans and “Blacks”]. Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 27(1), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.4000/remi.5365. Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The new second generation: Segmented assimilation and itsvariants. The Annals, 530(1), 74–96. Purtschert, P., Lüthi, B., & Falk, F. (Eds.) (2012). Postkoloniale Schweiz: Formen und Folgen eines Kolonialismus ohne Kolonien [Post-colonial Switzerland. Forms and consequences of colonialism without colonies]. Bielefeld: Transcript. Rattansi, A. (2005). The uses of racialization: The time-spaces and subject-objects of the raced body. In K. Murji, & J. Solomos (Eds.), Racialization: studies in theory and practice, (pp. 271–303). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Solomos, J. (2003). Race and racism in Britain (3rd ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. Solomos, J., & Back, L. (1996). Racism and society. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Studer, B., Arlettaz, G., & Argast, R. (2008). Das Schweizer Büggerrecht. Erwerb, Verlust, Entzug von 1848 bis Gegenwart [The Swiss citizenship law. Acquisition, loss, withdrawal from 1848 to present]. Zürich: Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Tattolo, G., & Wihtol de Wenden, C. (2016). France. In A. Bloch, M. Chimienti, A.-L. Counilh, S. Hirsch, L. Ossipow, G. Tattolo, & C. W. de Wenden (Eds.), The children of refugees in Europe. Country reports. Geneva: SNIS. Retrieved from https://snis.ch/project/children-of-refugees-in-europe/. Weber, M. (1964/2004). L’Éthique protestante et l’esprit du capitalisme [The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]. Paris: Plon, Gallimard. Zschirnt, E., & Ruedin, D. (2016). Ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions: A meta-analysis of correspondence tests 1990–2015. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(7), 1115–1134. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2015.1133279.