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Sự khác biệt về chủng tộc trong điều trị hạ huyết áp: Bằng chứng và những hệ lụy
Tóm tắt
Huyết áp được kiểm soát bởi nhiều yếu tố, do đó, tăng huyết áp là một rối loạn đa yếu tố. Đặc điểm đa dạng trong nguyên nhân này cũng được phản ánh trong phổ rộng các tác nhân dược lý khác nhau được biết đến với khả năng làm giảm huyết áp. Hầu hết các nghiên cứu được kiểm soát kỹ lưỡng sử dụng một loại thuốc hạ huyết áp duy nhất trên những bệnh nhân tăng huyết áp nhẹ đến trung bình không phức tạp cho thấy hiệu quả trong việc giảm huyết áp ở 40-60% dân số. Nếu kết hợp hai tác nhân có hành động dược lý khác nhau, tỷ lệ thành công thường quan sát được là 70-90%. Lựa chọn cụ thể các tác nhân hạ huyết áp cho đến nay chủ yếu dựa trên cảm tính, tin đồn hoặc thực nghiệm. Các nghiên cứu gần đây đã xác định những đặc điểm có thể giúp dự đoán hiệu quả của các loại thuốc đơn lẻ. Những đặc điểm này bao gồm các yếu tố sinh lý, chẳng hạn như độ nhạy natri, hoạt động renin huyết tương, hoặc hoạt động của hệ thần kinh giao cảm, cũng như các thành phần nhân khẩu học, đặc biệt là tuổi tác và chủng tộc. Bài tổng quan này sẽ xem xét ảnh hưởng của phân loại chủng tộc đối với phản ứng huyết áp với các tác nhân hạ huyết áp.
Từ khóa
#tăng huyết áp #thuốc hạ huyết áp #hiệu quả điều trị #yếu tố sinh lý #đặc điểm nhân khẩu học #phân loại chủng tộcTài liệu tham khảo
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