Allen, 2010, Racial differences in osteoarthritis pain and function: Potential explanatory factors, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 18, 160, 10.1016/j.joca.2009.09.010
Anderson, 2009, Racial and ethnic disparities in pain: Causes and consequences of unequal care, J Pain, 10, 1187, 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.002
Anderson, 2002, Cancer pain management among underserved minority outpatients: Perceived needs and barriers to optimal control, Cancer, 94, 2295, 10.1002/cncr.10414
Armstrong, 2006, Patient preferences can be misleading as explanations for racial disparities in health care, Arch Intern Med, 166, 950, 10.1001/archinte.166.9.950
Avenanti, 2010, Racial bias reduces empathic sensorimotor resonance with other-race pain, Curr Biol, 20, 1018, 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.071
Azevedo, 2013, Their pain is not our pain: Brain and autonomic correlates of empathic resonance with the pain of same and different race individuals, Hum Brain Mapp, 34, 3168, 10.1002/hbm.22133
Becker, 2011, Racial differences in primary care opioid risk reduction strategies, Ann Family Med, 9, 219, 10.1370/afm.1242
Becker, 2008, Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on prescription opioids among U.S. adults: Psychiatric, medical and substance use correlates, Drug Alcohol Depend, 94, 38, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.018
Bohnert, 2011, Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths, J Am Med Assoc, 305, 1315, 10.1001/jama.2011.370
Bonham, 2001, Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: Striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment, J Law Med Ethics, 29, 52, 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00039.x
Braden, 2008, Trends in use of opioids by noncancer pain type 2000-2005 among Arkansas Medicaid and HealthCore enrollees: Results from the TROUP study, J Pain, 9, 1026, 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.06.002
Braden, 2010, Emergency department visits among recipients of chronic opioid therapy, Arch Intern Med, 170, 1425, 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.273
Burgess, 2009, The effect of perceived racial discrimination on bodily pain among older African American men, Pain Med, 10, 1341, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00742.x
Burgess, 2006, Understanding the provider contribution to race/ethnicity disparities in pain treatment: Insights from dual process models of stereotyping, Pain Med, 7, 119, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00105.x
Burgess, 2006, Understanding the provider contribution to race/ethnicity disparities in pain treatment: Insights from social cognitive research on stereotyping, Pain Med, 7, 119, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00105.x
Cerda, 2013, Prescription opioid mortality trends in New York City, 1990-2006: Examining the emergence of an epidemic, Drug Alcohol Depend, 132, 53, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.027
Chibnall, 1997, The effects of medical evidence and pain intensity on medical student judgments of chronic pain patients, J Behav Med, 20, 257, 10.1023/A:1025504827787
Cintron, 2006, Pain and ethnicity in the United States: A systematic review, J Palliat Med, 9, 1454, 10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1454
Cleeland, 2003, Rapid improvement in pain management: The Veterans Health Administration and the institute for healthcare improvement collaborative, Clin J Pain, 19, 298, 10.1097/00002508-200309000-00003
Cooper, 2012, The associations of clinicians' implicit attitudes about race with medical visit communication and patient ratings of interpersonal care, Am J Public Health, 102, 979, 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300558
Craine, 2003, Pain management improvement strategies in the Veterans Health Administration, APS Bull, 135, 1
Drwecki, 2011, Reducing racial disparities in pain treatment: The role of empathy and perspective-taking, Pain, 152, 1001, 10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.005
Edwards, 2008, The association of perceived discrimination with low back pain, J Behav Med, 31, 379, 10.1007/s10865-008-9160-9
Elixhauser, 1998, Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data, Med Care, 36, 8, 10.1097/00005650-199801000-00004
Forgiarini, 2011, Racism and the empathy for pain on our skin, Front Psychol, 2, 108, 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00108
Green, 2003, The unequal burden of pain: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain, Pain Med, 4, 277, 10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x
Green, 2004, Patient attitudes regarding healthcare utilization and referral: A descriptive comparison in African- and Caucasian Americans with chronic pain, J Natl Med Assoc, 96, 31
Green, 2011, Typologies of prescription opioid use in a large sample of adults assessed for substance abuse treatment, PLoS One, 6, e27244, 10.1371/journal.pone.0027244
Hausmann, 2013, Racial disparities in the monitoring of patients on chronic opioid therapy, Pain, 154, 46, 10.1016/j.pain.2012.07.034
Ives, 2006, Predictors of opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain: A prospective cohort study, BMC Health Serv Res, 6, 46, 10.1186/1472-6963-6-46
Kaseweter, 2012, Racial differences in pain treatment and empathy in a Canadian sample, Pain Res Manag, 17, 381, 10.1155/2012/803474
Kerns RD: Improving Pain Management in the VA. Chatham, NJ, Federal Practitioner, 2001 Supplement, pp 18-22.
Kerns, 2011, Implementation of the Veterans Health Administration National Pain Management Strategy, Transl Behav Med, 1, 635, 10.1007/s13142-011-0094-3
Kressin, 2003, Agreement between administrative data and patients' self-reports of race/ethnicity, Am J Public Health, 93, 1734, 10.2105/AJPH.93.10.1734
McCaffery, 1993
McCracken, 2001, A comparison of blacks and whites seeking treatment for chronic pain, Clin J Pain, 17, 249, 10.1097/00002508-200109000-00011
Meghani, 2012, Time to take stock: A meta-analysis and systematic review of analgesic treatment disparities for pain in the United States, Pain Med, 13, 150, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01310.x
Meghani, 2009, Self-reported pain and utilization of pain treatment between minorities and nonminorities in the United States, Public Health Nurs, 26, 307, 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2009.00785.x
Meghani, 2012, Advancing a national agenda to eliminate disparities in pain care: Directions for health policy, education, practice, and research, Pain Med, 13, 5, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01289.x
Morasco, 2010, Clinical characteristics of veterans prescribed high doses of opioid medications for chronic non-cancer pain, Pain, 151, 625, 10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.002
Paulozzi, 2012, Prescription drug overdoses: A review, J Saf Res, 43, 283, 10.1016/j.jsr.2012.08.009
Paulozzi, 2006, Increasing deaths from opioid analgesics in the United States, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 15, 618, 10.1002/pds.1276
Paulozzi, 2012, A history of being prescribed controlled substances and risk of drug overdose death, Pain Med, 13, 87, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01260.x
Petersen, 2010, Relationship between clinical conditions and use of Veterans Affairs health care among Medicare-enrolled veterans, Health Serv Res, 45, 762, 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01107.x
Portenoy, 2004, Population-based survey of pain in the United States: Differences among white, African American, and Hispanic subjects, J Pain, 5, 317, 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.05.005
2011
Reyes-Gibby, 2007, Pain in aging community-dwelling adults in the United States: Non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics, J Pain, 8, 75, 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.06.002
Rosen, 2005, Dual-system use: Are there implications for risk adjustment and quality assessment?, Am J Med Qual, 20, 182, 10.1177/1062860605275791
Ruehlman, 2005, Comparing the experiential and psychosocial dimensions of chronic pain in African Americans and Caucasians: Findings from a national community sample, Pain Med, 6, 49, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.05002.x
Seal, 2012, Association of mental health disorders with prescription opioids and high-risk opioid use in US veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan, J Am Med Assoc, 307, 940, 10.1001/jama.2012.234
Shavers, 2010, Race, ethnicity, and pain among the U.S. adult population, J Health Care Poor Underserved, 21, 177, 10.1353/hpu.0.0255
Smedley, 2003
Sohn, 2006, Transition to the new race/ethnicity data collection standards in the Department of Veterans Affairs, Popul Health Metr, 4, 7, 10.1186/1478-7954-4-7
Staton, 2007, When race matters: Disagreement in pain perception between patients and their physicians in primary care, J Natl Med Assoc, 99, 532
Tait, 1997, Physician judgments of chronic pain patients, Soc Sci Med, 45, 1199, 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00033-6
Tait, 2009, Provider judgments of patients in pain: Seeking symptom certainty, Pain Med, 10, 11, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00527.x
Trawalter, 2012, Racial bias in perceptions of others' pain, PLoS One, 7, e48546, 10.1371/journal.pone.0048546
van Ryn, 2011, The impact of racism on clinician cognition, behavior, and clinical decision making, Du Bois Rev, 8, 199, 10.1017/S1742058X11000191
Varkey, 2009, Separate and unequal: Clinics where minority and nonminority patients receive primary care, Arch Intern Med, 169, 243, 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.559
Weiss, 2001, Understanding the experience of pain in terminally ill patients, Lancet, 357, 1311, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04515-3