Race-based medicine in the point-of-care clinical resource UpToDate: A systematic content analysis

Roberts, 2011 Cerdeña, 2020, From race-based to race-conscious medicine: how anti-racist uprisings call us to act, Lancet North Am Ed, 396, 1125, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32076-6 Vyas, 2020, Hidden in plain sight — reconsidering the use of race correction in clinical algorithms, N Engl J Med, 2020, 874, 10.1056/NEJMms2004740 Amutah, 2021, Misrepresenting race — the role of medical schools in propagating physician bias, N Engl J Med, 2021, 872, 10.1056/NEJMms2025768 Tsai, 2018, Addressing racial bias in wards, Adv Med Educ Pract, 9, 691, 10.2147/AMEP.S159076 Tsai, 2016, Race matters? Examining and rethinking race portrayal in preclinical medical education, Acad Med, 91, 916, 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001232 Ripp, 2017, Race/ethnicity in medical education: an analysis of a question bank for step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination, Teach Learn Med, 29, 115, 10.1080/10401334.2016.1268056 Cerdeña, 2021, Race, ethnicity, and immigration status in a medical licensing educational resource: a systematic, mixed-methods analysis, J Gen Intern Med Cerdeña, 2021, Assessment of skin phenotype representation in a popular medical licensing educational resource, JAMA Netw Open, 4, 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33164 Cerdeña, 2021, Race-conscious bioethics: the call to reject contemporary scientific racism, Am J Bioeth, 21, 48, 10.1080/15265161.2020.1861383 Vyas, 2019, Challenging the use of race in the vaginal birth after cesarean section calculator, Womens Health Issues, 29, 201, 10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.007 Eriksen, 2002 Silverman-Lloyd, 2021, Race is not a risk factor: reframing discourse on racial health inequities in CVD prevention, Am J Prev Cardiol, 6, 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100185 Mello, 2007, Changes in physician supply and scope of practice during a malpractice crisis: evidence from Pennsylvania, Health Aff, 26, w425, 10.1377/hlthaff.26.3.w425 Bradley-Ridout, 2021, UpToDate versus DynaMed: a cross-sectional study comparing the speed and accuracy of two point-of-care information tools, J Med Libr Assoc, 109, 382, 10.5195/jmla.2021.1176 Isaac, 2012, Use of UpToDate and outcomes in US hospitals, J Hosp Med, 7, 85, 10.1002/jhm.944 Shimizu, 2018, Effectiveness of a clinical knowledge support system for reducing diagnostic errors in outpatient care in Japan: a retrospective study, Int J Med Informatics, 109, 1, 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.09.010 Blackman, 2002, Can an electronic database help busy physicians answer clinical questions?, J Gen Intern Med, 17, 220 Rodrigo, 2015, Knowledge seeking behaviours of pre interns and early career doctors in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study, BMC Res Notes, 8, 610, 10.1186/s13104-015-1600-3 2021 Singh, 2020, The contested meanings of race and ethnicity in medical research: a case study of the DynaMed Point of Care tool, Soc Sci Med, 265, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113112 Singh, 2021, Racial biases in healthcare: Examining the contributions of Point of Care tools and unintended practitioner bias to patient treatment and diagnosis, Health, 1 Roberts, 2008, Is race-based medicine good for us?: African American approaches to race, biomedicine, and equality, J Law Med Ethics, 36, 537, 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.302.x Roberts, 2019, Attempting rigour and replicability in thematic analysis of qualitative research data; a case study of codebook development, BMC Med Res Method, 19, 66, 10.1186/s12874-019-0707-y Diao, 2022, Representation and misdiagnosis of dark skin in a large-scale visual diagnostic challenge, J Am Acad Dermatol, 86, 950, 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.088 Churchwell, 2020, Call to action: structural racism as a fundamental driver of health disparities: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 142, e454, 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000936 Hardeman, 2020, Stolen breaths, N Engl J Med, 383, 197, 10.1056/NEJMp2021072 Gee, 2011, Structural racism and health inequities: old issues, new directions, Du Bois Rev, 8, 115, 10.1017/S1742058X11000130 Asabor, 2021, Confronting structural racism in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States, Clin Infect Dis, 73, e3531, 10.1093/cid/ciaa1763 Yearby, 2021, Race based medicine, colorblind disease: how racism in medicine harms us all, Am J Bioeth, 21, 19, 10.1080/15265161.2020.1851811 Diao, 2020, Clinical implications of removing race from estimates of kidney function, JAMA, 325, 184 Ahmed, 2020, Examining the potential impact of race multiplier utilization in estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation on African-American Care Outcomes, J Gen Intern Med Zelnick, 2021, Association of the estimated glomerular filtration rate with vs without a coefficient for race with time to eligibility for kidney transplant, JAMA Netw Open, 4, 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.34004 Akintemi, 2022, Race and urinary tract infections in young children with fever, JAMA Pediatrics, 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0693 Edwards, 2022, Racial bias in Cesarean decision-making, Am J Obstetr Gynecol, 226, S720, 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1188 Julian, 2017, Effect of replacing race with apolipoprotein L1 genotype in calculation of kidney donor risk index, Am J Transplant, 17, 1540, 10.1111/ajt.14113 Diao, 2021, In search of a better equation — performance and equity in estimates of kidney function, N Engl J Med, 2021, 396, 10.1056/NEJMp2028243 Norris, 2021, Removal of race from estimates of kidney function: first, do no harm, JAMA, 325, 135 Cerdeña, 2021, APOL1, Black race, and kidney disease: turning attention to structural racism, Am J Kidney Dis, 77, 857, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.029 Inker, 2021, New creatinine- and cystatin C–based equations to estimate GFR without race, N Engl J Med, 385, 1737, 10.1056/NEJMoa2102953 Grobman, 2021, Prediction of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in term gestations: a calculator without race and ethnicity, Am J Obstetr Gynecol, 225, e1 2021, AAP Perspective: race-based medicine, Pediatrics, 148, 1 Lett, 2022, Conceptualizing, contextualizing, and operationalizing race in quantitative health sciences research, Ann Family Med, 20, 157, 10.1370/afm.2792 Boyd, 2020, On Ioannidis, 2021, Recalibrating the use of race in medical research, JAMA, 325, 623, 10.1001/jama.2021.0003 Borrell, 2021, Race and genetic ancestry in medicine — a time for reckoning with racism, N Engl J Med, 2021, 474, 10.1056/NEJMms2029562 Oni-Orisan, 2021, Embracing genetic diversity to improve black health, N Engl J Med, 2021, 1163, 10.1056/NEJMms2031080 Gravlee, 2021, How whiteness works: JAMA and the refusals of white supremacy, Somatosphere