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Bảo vệ cây chuối khỏi bệnh và sâu hại thông qua phương pháp RNAi
Tóm tắt
Sâu bệnh và mầm bệnh hạn chế tiềm năng sản xuất của nhiều loại cây trồng. Những tổn thất do sâu bệnh và dịch bệnh gây ra là rất lớn, đe dọa an ninh lương thực. Các chiến lược quản lý bao gồm việc sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu hóa học, mà có thể có hại cho sức khỏe con người và môi trường, cùng với các phương pháp vật lý và sinh học khác có những hạn chế nghiêm trọng. Một giải pháp thay thế có thể là tận dụng công nghệ tiên tiến như can thiệp RNA (RNAi) để tạo ra khả năng chống chịu bệnh trong các loại cây trồng. Hiện tượng RNAi đã được nghiên cứu rất kỹ lưỡng ở các sinh vật thuộc nhiều nhánh khác nhau và được phát hiện là được bảo tồn. Tận dụng điều này, các RNA chuỗi đôi (dsRNA) đã được chuyển vào các sâu bọ và mầm bệnh, và cho thấy sự ức chế tăng trưởng đáng kể. Cây chuối dễ bị ảnh hưởng bởi nhiều nhóm mầm bệnh, dẫn đến năng suất thấp. Các nghiên cứu khẳng định nguyên lý sử dụng công nghệ RNAi đã được tiến hành trên cây chuối để phát triển khả năng chống chịu các nhóm mầm bệnh quan trọng. Các cây chuối chuyển gen biểu hiện RNA nhỏ can thiệp nhắm vào mầm bệnh BBTV và Fusarium đã cho thấy mức độ kháng cao. Trong bài đánh giá này, chúng tôi tổng hợp và thảo luận về các nghiên cứu sử dụng RNAi như một chiến lược để phát triển khả năng chống chịu với các bệnh chính của cây chuối và khuyến khích nghiên cứu sâu hơn trong việc khai thác khả năng kháng bệnh dựa trên RNAi ở các loại cây trồng khác.
Từ khóa
#RNAi #bệnh chuối #bảo vệ cây trồng #kháng bệnh #sâu hại #công nghệ sinh họcTài liệu tham khảo
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