RETRACTED: Critical thinking cultivation in Chinese learning classes for International students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aaron, 2006, Written language is as natural as spoken language: A biolinguistic perspective, Reading Psychology, 27, 263, 10.1080/02702710600846803 Bali, 2015, critical thinking through a multicultural Lens: Cultural challenges of teaching critical thinking, 317 Cherkasov, 2019, The development of the school education system in Vologda governorate (1725-1917). Part 3, European Journal of Contemporary Education, 8, 627 Cherkasov, 2019, Development of school education in the Vologda governorate (1725-1917). Part 1, European Journal of Contemporary Education, 8, 208 Erikson, 2019, Learning outcomes and critical thinking–good intentions in conflict, Studies in Higher Education, 44, 2293, 10.1080/03075079.2018.1486813 Figueiredo, 2016, Second language education context and home language effect: Language dissimilarities and variation in immigrant students’ outcomes, International Journal of Multilingualism, 13, 184, 10.1080/14790718.2015.1079204 Floyd, 2011, Critical thinking in a second language, Higher Education Research & Development, 30, 289, 10.1080/07294360.2010.501076 García-Pentón, 2016, The neuroanatomy of bilingualism: How to turn a hazy view into the full picture, Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31, 303, 10.1080/23273798.2015.1068944 Gilmanshina, 2021, The assessment of critical thinking skills of gifted children before and after taking a critical thinking development course, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, 10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100780 Grüter, 2020, How classifiers facilitate predictive processing in L1 and L2 Chinese: The role of semantic and grammatical cues, Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 35, 221, 10.1080/23273798.2019.1648840 HEIghten, 2021 Klein, 2011, Critical thoughts about critical thinking, Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 12, 210, 10.1080/1464536X.2011.564485 Kroll, 2013, Understanding the consequences of bilingualism for language processing and cognition, Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 497, 10.1080/20445911.2013.799170 Liu, 2016, Assessing critical thinking in higher education: The HEIghten™ approach and preliminary validity evidence, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 41, 677, 10.1080/02602938.2016.1168358 Liu, 2021, Perceived teacher support and creative self-efficacy: The mediating roles of autonomous motivation and achievement emotions in Chinese junior high school students, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, 10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100752 Ma, 2020, Chinese pre-service teachers’ cognitions about cultivating critical thinking in teaching English as a foreign language, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1, 10.1080/02188791.2020.1793733 Mason, 2007, Critical thinking and learning, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 39, 339, 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2007.00343.x Mishra, 2021, Defense mechanisms against DDoS attack based on entropy in SDN-cloud using POX controller, Telecommunication Systems, 77, 47, 10.1007/s11235-020-00747-w Mok, 2021, Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on international higher education and student mobility: Student perspectives from mainland China and Hong Kong, International Journal of Educational Research, 105, 10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101718 Mulnix, 2012, Thinking critically about critical thinking, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44, 464, 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00673.x Nie, 2020, E-Learning financing models in Russia for sustainable development, Sustainability, 12, 4412, 10.3390/su12114412 Pithers, 2000, Critical thinking in education: A review, Educational Research, 42, 237, 10.1080/001318800440579 Shaw, 2020, Thinking critically about critical thinking: validating the Russian HEIghten® critical thinking assessment, Studies in Higher Education, 45, 1933, 10.1080/03075079.2019.1672640 Tan, 2020, Conceptions and practices of critical thinking in Chinese schools: An example from Shanghai, Educational Studies, 56, 331, 10.1080/00131946.2020.1757446 Tian, 2011, Critical thinking and Chinese university students: A review of the evidence, Language Culture and Curriculum, 24, 61, 10.1080/07908318.2010.546400 Tsvetkova, 2018, Lies of the reader: Disadvantages of the sociological research methods for the study of the reading, European Journal of Contemporary Education, 7, 190 Utegenova, 2020, Motivating children from bilingual families to learn a foreign language, Elementary Education Online, 19, 294 Weyman, 2020, Extensive experience with multiple languages may not buffer age-related declines in executive function, Experimental Aging Research, 46, 291, 10.1080/0361073X.2020.1753402 Wilson, 2016, Critical reading, critical thinking: Delicate scaffolding in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, 256, 10.1016/j.tsc.2016.10.002 Wu, 2020, Reflexivity in multilingual and intercultural education: Chinese international secondary school students’ critical thinking, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1, 10.1080/01434632.2020.1789650 Zhang, 2017, Why do Chinese postgraduates struggle with critical thinking? Some clues from the higher education curriculum in China, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 41, 857, 10.1080/0309877X.2016.1206857