REGULATION AND INHIBITION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A<sub>2</sub>

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology - Tập 39 Số 1 - Trang 175-189 - 1999
Jesús Balsinde1, Marı́a A. Balboa1, Paul A. Insel1, Edward A. Dennis1
1Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093;

Tóm tắt

▪ Abstract  In recent years, there has been great interest in the study of phospholipid metabolism in intact cell systems. Such an interest arises mainly from the discovery that cellular membrane phospholipids serve not only in structural roles, but are also reservoirs of preformed second messenger molecules with key roles in cellular signaling. These second messenger molecules are generated by agonist-induced activation and secretion of intracellular and extracellular phospholipases, respectively, i.e. enzymes that cleave ester bonds within phospholipids. Prominent members of the large collection of signal-activated phospholipases are the phospholipase A2s. These enzymes hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipids, releasing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid, both of which may alter cell function. In addition to its role in cellular signaling, phospholipase A2has recently been recognized to be involved in a wide number of pathophysiological situations, ranging from systemic and acute inflammatory conditions to cancer. A growing number of pharmacologic inhibitors will help define the role of particular phospholipase A2s in signaling cascades.

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