RAPID MANUFACTURING AND RAPID TOOLING WITH LAYER MANUFACTURING (LM) TECHNOLOGIES, STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

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Abe F. Osakada K., Shiomi M., Uematstu K., Matsumoto M.; 1999; Manufacturing of Hard Tools From Metallic Powders by Selective Laser Melting; Proc. Of AFDM 99, Haeundae, Pusan, Korea September 7-9, 1999; 721 - 726

Abe F. Osakada K., Shomi M., Uematstu K., Matsumoto M.; 1999; Direct Manufacturing of Metallic Tools by Laser Rapid prototyping; Advanced Technology of Plasticity, Proc. Of the 6th ICTP, September 19-24; Vol. 2; 1005-1010

Abe F., Yoshidome A., Osakada K., Matsumoto M.; 2000; Manufacturing of Titanium Parts for Medical Purposes by Selective Laser Melting; Proc. 8th Int. Conference on Rapid Prototyping. June 12-13, 2000, Tokyo, Japan; 288 - 293

Abe F., Yoshidome A., Osakada K., Shiomi M.; 1998; Direct Manufacturing of Metallic Model by Laser Rapid prototyping; Int. J. Japan Soc. Pre. Eng.; Vol 32, No 3; 221-222

Altan, 2001, Manufacturing of Dies and Moulds, CIRP Annals, 50/1, 405

Anderson, R.; Lembo, J.; Rynerson, M.;; 2002; Rapid Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composite Materials Using Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP™).; Proceedings of TMS International Fall Conference; 2002, in press

Andersson L. E., Larsson M; 2001; Device and Arrangement for Producing a Three Dimensional Object; Pat: PCT WO 01/81031 A1 Priority 27.4.2000

Arthur A., Hwee O. K.; 2000; The Feasibility of Rapid Prototyping Forging Dies; Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing July 2000, Athens, Greece; 163-172

Bakkelund J., R. Karlsen, OE. Björke (1); 1997; Fabricating metal objects using layer manufacturing technology and powder metallurgy science; Annals of the CIRP; Vol 46/1/1997; 135-138

Bampton; C.C., Burkett; R.,; Hong S.,; 1996; Free Form fabrication of metallic components; Pat. US5,745,834;

Beaman Joseph J., Barlow Joel W., Bourell David L. Crawford Richard H., Marcus Harris L., McAlea Kevin P.; 1997; Solid Freeform Fabrication: A new Direction in Manufacturing; Kluwer Academic Publishers;;

Bernard, 2002, New Trends in Rapid Product Development, CIRP Annals, 51/1/2002

Bertch, 2000, Rapid prototyping of small size objects, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 6, 259, 10.1108/13552540010373362

Berzins, 1996, The selective laser sintering of polycarbonate, Annals of the CIRP, 45/1/1996, 187, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63044-3

Boillat E., Kolosov S., Glardon R., Loher M., Levy G.; 2002; Finite Element and Neural Network Models for Process Optimisation in Selective Laser Sintering; Proceedings of the ICME 2002, July 2002, Ischia Italy, ISBN - 88-87030-44-8; pp 375-380

Bourell d.L., Marcus H.L., Barlow J. W., Beaman J. J., Deckard C. R.; 1994; Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering; Patent US 5,382,208 filled 21.5. 1994;

Campbell R.I., Martorelli M.; 2000; Surface Roughness Performance of Rapid Prototyping Processes - a Comparative Analysis; Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing July 2000, Athens, Greece; 37-44

Childs T:H: Tontowi; 2001; Selective laser sintering of a crystalline and a glass-filled crystalline polymer: experiments and simulations; Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering, Journal of Engineering Manufacture; Vol 215 B11 ISSN 0954-4054; pp 1481-1495

Chishti M., Pham L.X.; 1999; System and Method for Releasing Tooth Positioning Appliances; Patent US 6,183,248 Priority 16.2.1999 con. US 6,390,812 prio 8.1.2001

Christman A., J. Naysmith,; 2000; Mould making Operations & Requirements Multi-Client research Study; www.CIMdata.com;

Crawford R.H., Beaman J. J., Bourell D.L., Wood K.L.; 2001; Advances in Multiple Material Solid Freeform Fabrication; Proceedings of the SME RPA conf., 15-17 May 2002 Cincinnati USA

Dalgarno K.W. Stewart T.D.; 2001; Manufacture of production injection mould tooling incorporating conformal cooling channels via indirect selective laser sintering; Proc Instn Mech Engrs; Journal Manufacture Vol215 Part B; 1323-1332

Dickens Ph., Ruggley M., 2001, Direct AIM™ in a new direction, SME Conference Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing 14-17 May 2001, Cincinnati (OH)

Dutta, 2000, Heterogeneous solid modelling for layered manufacturing, CIRP Annals, 49/1/2000, 109, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62907-2

Esser G, Niebling F., Geiger M.; 2001; Rapid Tooling - Current Status and Future Trends; Proceedings of the ICI conference;

Fährer Jörg; 2002; Ganzheitliche Optimierung des indirekten Metal-Lasersinter-prozesses; B163 Herbert Utz Verlag; Diss. Iwb; ISBN 3-8316-0124-0

Freyer C., Klocke F.; 2001; Fast Manufacture of High Strength Tools from Steel using CMB; SME Conference Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing 14-17 May 2001, Cincinnati (OH)

Gale G. W., Haugen J. J.; 1999; Mould with integral screen and method for making mould and apparatus and method for using the mould; Patent US 6,287,428 Prio 30.8. 1999;

Gatto A., luliano L., Ippolito R.; 2000; Micro -Joining Mechanisms Between Metal Partials in the SLS Process; Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing July 2000, Athens, Greece; 23-36

Gibson I., Cheung W.L., Ling W.M., Ting F.P.Y., Ho H.C.H.,; 2000; SLS Multiple Material Systems; Int. Journal of CAD/CAM and Computer Graphics, vol. 15, nos. 2-4, 2000, ISSN 0298-0924,; pp165-176

Gibson I., W.L. Cheung, F.P.Y. Ting, W.M. Ling, H.C.H. Ho, J.C.W. Ku; 2002; Multiple Material Polymer Systems based on the Selective Laser Sintering Process; Proc. Int. Conf. on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Beijing, August 2002

Glardon R., Boillat E., Paraschivescu D.; 2003; Thermal Optimisation of Injection Moulds Produced by Layered Manufacturing Techniques; to be published;

Glardon, 2001, Influence of Nd:YAG Parameters on the Selective Laser Sintering of Metallic Powders, CIRP Annals, 50/1/2001, 133, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62088-5

Goetzen R., Reinhardt A.; 2000; Rapid Micro Product Development RPDM® Schlüsseltechnologie für die Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik von Mikrosystemen; Company publication;

Griffith M. L. M., Ensz T., Puskar J.D., Robino C.V., Brooks J.A., Philliber J.A., Smugeresky J.E., Hofmeister W.H.; 2000; Understanding the Microstructure and Properties of Components Fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS®),; Proceedings Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, April 2000; V625;

Gu P. Li L.; 2002; Fabrication of Biomedical Prototypes with Locally Controlled Properties Using FDM; CIRP ANNALS 2002 Vol.51/1/2002 pp 181 - 184

Hans Jäger, Gideon Levy, Ralf Schindel; 2001; New Technologies to Shorten Time to Market: The Impact of Actual and Future Rapid Prototyping Technologies; Proceedings of IE&EM '2001, Tianjin. China

Herzog F.; 2002; LaserCUSING, Bindeglied für Rapid Tooling u. trad. Werkzeugbau; Proceedings of the SWISS Rapid Forum 02, 20.6.02; B 5,2

Herzog F., Herzog K.; 2002; Device for Sintering, Removing Material and/or Labelling by Means of Electro magnetically Bundled Radiation and methods for Operating the Device; Patent WO 02/36331 A2 Priority 30.10.2001

Hessel H.E.; 2002; Nemo Tech™; Proceedings of the SWISS Rapid Forum 02, 20.6.02; B 6, 1

Hickmann Th.; 2002; Problems and possible solutions for the production of plastic, rubber and silicone parts with rapid tooling moulds; Proceedings of the Euro uRapid 2002, December 2002, Frankfurt

Himmer T., Techel A. Nowotny S., Beyer E.; 2002; Recent Development in Metal Laminated Tooling by Multiple Laser Processing; Proc. EURO-uRapid, 2-3.12.2002, Frankfurt, Germany

Hull Ch., Newell K., 2002, Recoating system for using high viscosity build materials in solid freeform fabrication, US Patent Appl. 20020195747.

Ippolito, 1995, Benchmarking of rapid prototyping techniques in terms of dimensional accuracy and surface finish, CIRP Annals, 44/1/1995, 157, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62296-3

Johnston, S. and Anderson, R; 2002; Finite Element Thermal Analysis of Three Dimensionally Printed (3DP™) Metal Matrix Composites; Proceedings of Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium 2002; 2002, in press

Karpatis N., Glardon R.; 1998; Recours au procédé SLS pour le Rapid Tooling; Proceedings of the WZMO Conference, ETHZ

Karpatis N., Gygax P.E. Glardon R.; 1998; Thermal Behaviour of Parts made by Direct Metal Laser Sintering; Proceedings of the 8th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Austin (USA

Karpatis N., Van Greithuysen J.P., Glardon R.; 1998; Direct Rapid Tooling: a Review of Current Research; Rapid Prototyping Journal;

Karpatis N., Van Griethuyse J.P., Glardon R.,; 1997; Injection Moulds Behaviour and Lifetime Characterization: Concept; Proceedings of the 7th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Austin (USA

Katz Z. Smith P.E.S.; 2001; On process modelling for selective laser sintering of stainless steel; Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering, Journal of Engineering Manufacture; Vol 215 B11 ISSN 0954-4054; pp 1497-1504

Khaing M.W., Fuh J.Y.H., Lu L.,; 2001; Direct metal laser sintering for rapid tooling: processing and characterisation of EOS parts; Journal of Materials Processing Technology; 113(2001); 269-272

Kloke F. Wirtz H.; 1998; Selective Laser Sintering of Zirconium Silicate; Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing July 1998 Aachen, Germany; 307-314

Koch J., Mazumder J., 2000, Apparatus and Method for Monitoring Multi Layer Laser Cladding, US Patent 6,122,564 prio. 30.6.1998.

Krause, 1997, Enhanced rapid prototyping for faster product development processes, Annals of the CIRP, 1, 93, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60783-5

Kruth, 1991, Material Incress Manufacturing by Rapid Prototyping Techniques, CIRP Annals, 40/2/1991, 603, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61136-6

Kruth J.P.; 1994; Advances in physical and chemical machining, keynote paper; Advancement of Intelligent Production, (E. Usui, ed.), JSPE Publication Series n°1, Elsevier Science B.V., ISBN 044481901 0, pp. K62-K76

Kruth J.P., B. Van der Schueren, J.E. Bonse, B. Morren; 1996; Basic powder metallurgical aspects in selective metal powder sintering; Annals of the CIRP; 45/1/1996; 183-186

Kruth, 1998, Progress in Additive Manufacturing and Rapid Prototyping, CIRP Annals, 47/2/1998, 525, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63240-5

Kruth J.P., et.al.; 2001; Lasers and Materials in Selective Laser Sintering; Keynote paper, Proc. 3rd Laser Assisted Near-shape Eng. Conf. (LANE 2001), Erlangen, Germany; ISBN 3-87525-154-7; 45352

Kruth J.P., Van der Schueren B.; 1997; Soft and hard tools for polymers and metal casting/moulding; Proc. Colloquium “Werkzeugbau”, EMO Hanover; 175-194

Lanzetta M., Sachs E.; 2001; Optimisation of the Quality with Dry Powders in Three Dimensional Printing; Proceedings of PRIME 2001, CIRP Seminar, 20-22 June 2001 Sestri Levante, Italy Genoa, Italy; ISBN 88-900559-0-1; 197-204

Lanzetta M., Sachs E.; 2001; The Line Formation with Alumina Powders in Drop on Drop Demand Three Dimensional Printing; Proceedings of PRIME 2001, CIRP Seminar, 20-22 June 2001 Sestri Levante, Italy Genoa, Italy; ISBN 88-900559-0-1; 189-196

Laoui T., Froyen L., Kruth J.P.; 1998; Effect of mechanical alloying on selective laser sintering of WC-9Co hard metal powder; Proc. Powder Metallurgy World Congress, Spain, 18-22 Oct., 394-399.

Laoui T., Froyen L., Kruth J.P.; 1999; Alternative binders to Co for WC particles for SLS process; Proc. 8th European Conf. on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Nottingham, 6-8 July, 299-311.

Laoui T., Froyen L., Kruth J.P.; 2000; Effect of mechanical alloying on selective laser sintering of WC-9Co powder, Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 42(3), 203-205

Lembo, J. and Anderson, R; 2002; Rapid Solid Freeform Manufacturing Using Three Dimensional Printing (3DP™); Proceedings of ASNE Manufacturing Technology for Ship Construction and Repair Symposium 2002; 2002, in press

Levy G., Ralf Schindel, Wahyo Nursanto; 2001; Selektives Lasersintern - Neue Chancen im Produktions-Entwicklungsprozess; Ostschweizer Technologiesymposium 2001, St. Gallen

Levy G., Scherrer J., Schindel R.; 2000; Layer Manufacturing a powerful complementary technology in RPD (rapid product development cycle); 2000 International CIRP Design Seminar, May Haifa

Levy G., Schindel R., Nursanto W.; 2001; Rapid Product Development applying SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) Rapid Tooling with Interactive Modelling and Simulations; Proceedings of PRIME 2001, CIRP Seminar, 20-22 June 2001 Sestri Levante, Italy Genoa, Italy

Levy G., Schumacher B., Schindel R., Nursanto W.; 2001; Rapid Tooling Technologies enabling the integration of product design and Production; ISEM XIII 2001;;

Levy G.N.; 1997; Systematische Werkstoffentwicklung erweitert den Nutzen beim Einsatz von Selektive LASERsintern SLS; Proceedings WZMO Lausanne October 1997

Levy G.N.; 2000; Layer Manufacturing a powerful complementary technology in RPD (rapid product development cycle); The International Journal foe Manufacturing Science & Production; Vol 3 ISSN 0793-6648; 159-166

Levy Gideon, J. Scherrer, R. Schindel, Bernd Schumacher; 1999; Verfahrensgerechte Werkstoffe und praxisnahe Prozessketten für das Lasersintern,; VDI-Zeitschrift Integrierte Produktion; Nov. 1999,; pp 28-30

Levy N. G., Schindel R.,; 2003; Overview of Layer Manufacturing Technologies, Opportunities, Options and Applications for Rapid Tooling; Proc Instn Mech Engrs; Journal Manufacture; Vol 216 Part B; 1621-1634

Levy N. G., Schindel R., Schleiss P.; 2002; Understanding SLS Metal LaserForm ST-100; Proceedings SLS Users Group, 29 September -3. October 2002, San-Francisco

Levy N. G. Schumacher M. B., 2003, Rapid Prototyping of EPS (expandable polystyrene) for Lost Foam castings, 36th CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing, 03-05 June 2003, Saarbrücken, Germany

Lonardo, 2002, Emerging Trends in Surface Metrology, CIRP Annals, 51/2/2002, 701, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61708-9

Macht Michael; 1999; Ein Vorgehensmodell für den Einsatz von Rapid Prototyping; B131 Herbert Utz Verlag; Diss. Iwb; ISBN 3-89675-638-9

Master M., Mathey M.,; 2002; Direct Manufacturing of Custom-made Hearing Instruments an implementation on Digital Mechanical Processing; Proceedings of the SME RPA conf., 30 April - 2, May 2002 Cincinnati USA

Masuzawa, 2000, State of the art of Micromachinig, Annals of the CIRP, 49/2/2000, 473, 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63451-9

Meiners W., Over C., Wissenbach, K., Poprawe R; 1999; Direct generation of metal parts and tools by Selective Laser Powder Re melting (SLPR),; Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin Texas 1999

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Meiners, W.; 1998; Direktes Selektives Laser Sintern einkomponentiger metallischer Werkstoffe; Dissertation RWTH Aachen;

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Micari F. Fratini L., Levy G.; 2002; Wear of SLS Rapid Form Metal sheet forming Tool; Internal reports, Univ. Palermo, Uni. Applied Sciences ST. Gallen.

Micari, 2003, On the use of SLS Tools in Sheet Metal Stamping, CIRP Annals, 52/1/2003

Montero M., Roundy S., Odell D., Ahn S.H., Wright P.K.; 2001; Material Characterization of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) ABS by Designed Experiments; Proceedings of the SME RPA conf., 15-17 May 2002 Cincinnati USA.

Mueller D.H., Mueller H.; 2000; Experiences Using Rapid Prototyping Techniques to Manufacture Sheet Metal Forming Tools; Proceedings of ISATA 2000, Dublin Ireland, September, 2000.

N. Karapatis.G. Egger, P.-E. Gygax, R. Glardon; 1999; Optimisation of Powder Layer Density in Selective Laser Sintering; Proceedings of the 9th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin (USA).

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Pham D.T., Dimov S.S.; 2001; Rapid Manufacturing, The Technologies and Applications of Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling; Springer-Verlag; 1/214 ISBN 1-85233-360-X

Pham, 2000, Prediction and reduction of build times for the selective laser sintering process; Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering, Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 214, 425, 10.1243/0954405001517739

Phol H., Gosger P.; 2001; Three dimensional printing Prometal A New Technology for the Fabrication of Tools; Proceedings of the uRapid 2001, May 2001, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 248-252

Prinz F.B.; 1997; Building parts you could not build before; Rapid Product Development; Proc. 8th Int. Conf. On Prod. Eng. (ICPE-8), Chapman & Hall, ISBN0412&1160X, 40-48

Rabinovich J.E.; 2002; Laser precision Metal deposition PMD™; Proceedings of the SME RPA conf., 30 April - 2, May 2002 Cincinnati USA

Rabinovich J.E.; 2002; Rapid Manufacturing System for Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Ceramics; Patent US 6,459,069 B1 Priority 29.10.2000

Rosochowski, 2000, Rapid Tooling: the state of the art, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 106, 191, 10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00613-0

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Safari A., Danforth S.C., Jafari M., Allahverdi M., Jadidan B., Mohammadi F., Rangarajan S.; 2000; Fabrication of Advanced Functional Ceramics by Fused Deposition Technique; Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing July 2000, Athens, Greece

Schindel, R. et. al.; 2002; LaserForm Formeinsätze; Proceedings of the SWISS Rapid Forum 02, 20.6.02

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Sercombe T.B., Schaffer G.B.; 2002; Development of Infiltrated Aluminium Components via Selective Laser Sintering; Proceedings SLS Users Group, 29 September - 3. October 2002, San-Francisco

Shellabear M.; 2002; Direct Metal Laser-Sintering (DMLS) with 20 microns layers; Proceedings of SME conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Cincinnati 2002; May 2002

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Spielman R.; 2002; From Aerospace Back Home: Rapid Manufacturing in the Private Sector; Proceedings SLS Users Group, 29 September - 3. October 2002, San-Francisco.

Stewart, 1999, Strength of the DTM Rapid Steel 1.0 material, Materials and Design, 20, 133, 10.1016/S0261-3069(99)00019-9

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Syrjala S.; 2002; Rapid Tooling and Manufacturing: Last Case studies in Finland; Proceedings of SME conference on Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Cincinnati 2002; May 2002.

Thierry Dormal; 2000; Etude comparative des techniques actuelles de Rapid Tooling; 8th European Conference on Rapid Prototyping, Paris 3-4, May 2000.

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