Räumlicher Neglect
Tóm tắt
Unter dem Begriff (Hemi-)Neglect werden Symptome zusammengefasst, die mit (halbseitiger) Vernachlässigung des extra-, peri- und/oder personalen Raums einhergehen und nicht primär durch Störungen der Sensorik oder Motorik bedingt sind. Patienten mit Neglect haben Schwierigkeiten, ihre Aufmerksamkeit in die vernachlässigte kontraläsionale Raumhälfte zu wenden und auf visuelle, akustische oder somatosensorische Reize adäquat zu reagieren. Hemi-Neglect wird am häufigsten nach rechtshemisphärischen Läsionen, insbesondere des rechten inferioren Parietalkortex und des rechten temporoparietalen Übergangskortex beobachtet. Da eine adäquate Wahrnehmung und räumliche Repräsentation unseres Körpers und des uns umgebenden Raums notwendige Voraussetzungen für nahezu alle Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens sind, führt Neglect zu einer Einschränkung der aktiven Teilnahme am Alltag und den Rehabilitationsprogrammen und ist deswegen mit einer schlechten funktionellen Prognose und einer stärkeren sozialen Beeinträchtigung assoziiert. Neue neuropsychologische und pharmakologische Therapieansätze versprechen, dass Neglect in Zukunft zielgerichteter behandelt werden kann.
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