Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Root System Development as Affected By Phosphorus and Zinc Sulfate Application in an Alkaline Soil

Almeida Diego M, Oliveira M, Margarida S, Nelson JM (2017) Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. Genet Mol Biol 40(1):326–345. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106 Anas M, Liao F, Verma KK (2020) Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Biol Res 53(47):1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-020-00312-4 Armin M, Keyvanlou A (2015) The effect of methanol foliar application on morphological characteristics of maize roots and shoots under drought stress. J Crop Prod Res 7(1):39–27 Asgari A, Imani A, Hadavi E, Khodadadi M (2019) Investigation the amount of macro and micro elements, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll index of selected almond cultivars on the GF677 and GF677 in alkalin conditions. J Plant Res 32(1):137–154 Askari A, Ardakani MR, Vazan S, Paknejad F, Hosseini Y (2018) The effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and seed priming on the amount of chlorophyll index and absorption of nutrients under drought stress in sesame plant under field conditions. Appl Ecol Environ Res 16:335–357. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1601_335357 Askari A, Ardakani MR, Paknejad F, Hosseini Y (2019) Effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis and seed priming on yield and water use efficiency of sesame under drought stress condition. Sci Hortic. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108749 Aslam MU, Raza MAS, Saleem MF, Waqas M, Iqbal R, Ahmad S, Haider I (2020) Improving strategic growth stage-based drought tolerance in quinoa by rhizobacterial inoculation. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 51(5):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1744634 Bagheri M (2018) Quinoa agriculture manual. Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute, Iran Balliu A, Zheng Y, Sallaku G, Fernández JA, Gruda NS, Tuzel Y (2021) Environmental and cultivation factors affect the morphology, architecture and performance of root systems in soilless grown plants. Horticulturae 7(8):243. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080243 Bazile D, Jacobsen SE, Verniau A (2016a) The global expansion of quinoa: trends and limits. Front Plant Sci 7:622. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00622 Bazile D, Pulvento C, Verniau A, Al-Nusairi MS, Ba D, Breidy J, Padulosi S (2016b) Worldwide evaluations of quinoa: preliminary results from post international year of quinoa FAO projects in nine countries. Front Plant Sci 7:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00850 Begum N, Qin C, Ahanger MA, Raza S, Khan MI, Ashraf M, Zhang L (2019) Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth regulation: implications in abiotic stress Tolerance. Front Plant Sci 10:1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01068 Beroueg A, Lecompte F, Mollier A, Pagès L (2021) Genetic variation in root architectural traits in Lactuca and their roles in increasing phosphorus-use-efficiency in response to low phosphorus availability. Front Plant Sci 12:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.658321 Bidabadi SS, Afazel M, Poodeh SD (2016) The effect of vermicompost leachate on morphological, physiological and biochemical indices of stevia rebaudiana bertoni in a soilless culture system. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 5:251–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-016-0135-5 Bilalis DJ, Dimitrios J, Roussis Kakabouki Folina IIA (2019) Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) crop under mediterranean conditions: a review. Cienc Investig Agrar 46(2):51–68. https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2151 Calleja-Cabrera J, Boter M, Oñate-Sánchez L, Pernas M (2020) Root growth adaptation to climate change in crops. Front Plant Sci 11:1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00544 Carstensen A, Herdean A, Schmidt SB, Sharma A, Spetea C, Pribil M, Husted S (2018) The impacts of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Plant Physiol 177(1):271–284. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01624 Dapkekar A, Deshpande P, Oak MD, Paknikar KM, Rajwade JM (2018) Zinc use efficiency is enhanced in wheat through nano-fertilization. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25247-5 Ebrahimi E, Bodner G, Kaul HP, Nassab ADM (2014) Effects of water supply on root traits and biological yield of Durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and Khorasan (Triticum turanicum Jakubz) wheat. Plant Biosyst 148(5):1009–1015. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.850120 Ebrahimian E, Bybordi A, Seyyedi SM (2017) How nitrogen and zinc levels affect seed yield, quality, and nutrient uptake of canola irrigated with saline and ultra-saline water. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 48(3):345–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1269804 Elbasiouny H, El-Ramady H, Elbehiry F, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Mandzhieva S (2022) Plant nutrition under climate change and soil carbon sequestration. Sustainability 14(2):914. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020914 Erbas S, Kucukyumuk Z, Baydar H, Erdal L, Sanli A (2017) Effects of different phosphorus doses on nutrient concentrations as well as yield and quality characteristics of Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. var. Super). Turk J Field Crop 22(1):32–38. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.301797 Farahbakhsh H, Khasse Sirjani A (2019) Enrichment of wheat by zinc fertilizer, mycorrhiza and preharvest drought stress. Turk J Field Crop 24(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.562627 Guo S, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Lu T, Chen S, He M, Zeng X, Chen K, Yu H, Shangguan Y, Dong Y, Chen F, Liu Y, Qin Y (2022) Root system architecture differences of maize cultivars affect yield and nitrogen accumulation in southwest china. Agriculture 12:209. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020209 Haling RE, Brown LK, Bengough AG, Young IM, Hallett PD, White PJ, George TS (2013) Root hairs improve root penetration, root-soil contact, and phosphorus acquisition in soils of different strength. J Exp Bot 64(12):3711–3721. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert200 Hasnain M, Chen J, Ahmed N, Memon S, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang P (2020) The effects of fertilizer type and application time on soil properties, plant traits, yield and quality of tomato. Sustainability 12(21):9065. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219065 Ilkaee MN, Paknejad F, Zavareh M, Ardakani MR, Kashani A (2011) Prediction Model of Leaf Area in Soybean (Glycine max L.). Am J Agric Biol Sci 6:110–113 Jiriei M, Fateh A, Ayneband A (2015) Evaluation of some root characteristics of wheat treated with Mycorrhiza and Azospirillum. J Agri Sci Sustain Prod 24(4.1):73–61 Jorfi A, Alavifazel M, Gilani A, Ardakani MR, Lak S (2022) Yield and morpho-physiological performance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) genotypes as affected by phosphorus and zinc. J Plant Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2022.2035756 Li X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Jia L, Li Q, Zhang T, Qiao K, Ma S (2012) Zinc induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in root growth of Triticum aestivum L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 86:198–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.021 Liu A, Contador CA, Fan K, Lam HM (2018) Interaction and regulation of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolisms in root nodules of legumes. Front Plant Sci 9:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01860 Maarouf M, Nagat M (2016) Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) performance under the hot-dry weather of Sudan. In: International Quinoa. Conference 2016: Quinoa for Future Food and Nutrition Security in Marginal Environments, Dubai Mádlíková M, Krausová I, Mizera J, Táborský J, Faměra O, Chvátil D (2018) Nitrogen assay in winter wheat by short-time instrumental photon activation analysis and its comparison with the Kjeldahl method. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 317:479–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-5881-6 Malhotra H, Vandana Sharma S, Pandey R (2018) Phosphorus nutrition: plant growth in response to deficiency and excess. In: Plant nutrients and abiotic stress tolerance, pp 171–190 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9044-8_7 Malinowska E, Jankowski K, Wisniewska-Kadżajan B, Sosnowski J, Kolczarek R, Jolanta Jankowska J, Grazyna A, Ciepiela G (2015) Content of zinc and copper in selected plants growing along a motorway. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 95:638–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1648-8 Mccauley A, Jones C, Olson-Rutz K (2017) Soil pH and organic matter, nutrient management module. Montana State University Publishing, vol 8, pp 1–16 Mossa AW, Gashu D, Broadley MR, Dunham SJ, McGrath SP, Bailey EH, Young SD (2021) The effect of soil properties on zinc lability and solubility in soils of Ethiopia—An isotopic dilution study. Soil 7:255–268. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-255-2021 Mousavi SMN, Nagy J (2021) Evaluation of plant characteristics related to grain yield of FAO410 and FAO340 hybrids using regression models. Cereal Res Commun 49:161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00076-3 Mousavi SA, Shokuhfar A, Lak S, Mojaddam M, Alavifazel M (2020) Integrated application of biochar and bio-fertilizer improves yield and yield components of cowpea under water-deficient stress. Ital J Agron 15(2):94–101. https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2020.1581 Munns R, Wallace PA, Teakle NL, Colmer TD (2010) Measuring soluble ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Cl−) in salt-treated plants. In: Plant Stress Tolerance, pp 371–382 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-702-0_23 Niu YF, Chai RS, Jin GL, Wang H, Tang CX, Zhang YS (2013) Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review. Ann Bot 112(2):391–408. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs285 Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate (Department of Agriculture. U.S) Pang C, Zhang Z, Zhang Y (2017) Effects of water and phosphorus coupling on root growth, biomass allocation and yield of quinoa. Sci Agric Sin 50:4107–4117. https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.21.005 Peret B, Desnos T, Jost R, Kanno S, Berkowitz O, Nussaume L (2014) Root architecture responses: in search of phosphate. Plant Physiol 166:1713–1723. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.244541 Pers-Kamczyc E, Tyrała-Wierucka Ż, Rabska M, Wrońska-Pilarek D, Kamczyc J (2020) The higher availability of nutrients increases the production but decreases the quality of pollen grains in Juniperus communis L. J Plant Physiol 248:153156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153156 Phuphong P, Cakmak I, Yazic A, Rerkasem B, Prom-u-Thai C (2020) Shoot and root growth of rice seedlings as affected by soil and foliar zinc applications. J Plant Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1730900 Pierret A, Maeght JL, Clément C, Montoroi JP, Hartmann C, Gonkhamdee S (2016) Understanding deep roots and their functions in ecosystems: an advocacy for more unconventional research. Ann Bot 118(4):621–635. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw130 Prager A, Munz S, Nkebiwe P, Mast B, Graeff-Honninger S (2018) Yield and quality characteristics of different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars grown under field conditions in southwestern Germany. Agronomy 8(10):1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8100197 Ramtekey V, Bansal R, Aski MS, Kothari D, Singh A, Pandey R, Tripathi K, Mishra GP, Kumar S, Dikshit HK (2021) Genetic variation for traits related to phosphorus use efficiency in Lens species at the seedling stage. Plants 10(12):2711. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122711 Razaq M, Zhang P, Shen H, Salahuddin (2017) Influence of nitrogen and phosphorous on the growth and root morphology of Acer mono. PLoS ONE 12(2):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171321 Saboor A, Ali MA, Husain S, Tahir MS, Irfan M, Bilal M, Baig KS, Datta R, Ahmed N, Danish S, Glick BR (2021) Regulation of phosphorus and zinc uptake in relation to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for better maize growth. Agronomy 11(11):2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112322 Sakya AT, Sulandjari DWS (2021) Growth and p absorption of fibraurea tinctoria lour in peat soil with an amendment. The 8th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 905(012099):1–6 Shabani G, Ardakani MR, Chaichi MR, Friedel JK, Khavazi K (2015) Effect of different fertilizing treatments on nutrient uptake in annual medic (Medicago scutellata cv. robinson) under irrigated and dry farming systems. J Agric Sci Technol 17:299–310 (http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10126-en.html) Van de wiel CCM, Van der linden CG, Scholten OE (2016) Improving phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: opportunities for breeding. Euphytica 207:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1572-3 Vangheluwe N, Beeckman T (2021) Lateral root initiation and the analysis of gene function using genome editing with CRISPR in Arabidopsis. Genes 12(6):884. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12060884 Waghmare R, Gadre R (2018) Impact of essential micronutrient, Zn, on growth and chlorophyll biosynthesis in young Zea mays seedlings. Am J Plant Sci 9:1855–1867. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2018.99135 Yavuz T, Karadag K (2015) The effect of fertilization and grazing applications on root length and root biomass of some rangeland grasses. Turk J Field Crops 20(1):38–42. https://doi.org/10.17557/.36557 Yu Q, Jing YE, Shao-na Y, Jianrong F, Jun-wei M, Wan-chun SU, Li-na J, Qiang W, Jian-mei W (2013) Effects of nitrogen application level on rice nutrient uptake and ammonia volatilization. Rice Sci 20(2):139–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60117-1 Zhao J, Sykacek P, Bodner G, Rewald B (2018) Root traits of European vicia faba cultivars-using machine learning to explore adaptations to agroclimatic conditions. Plant Cell Environ 41:1984–1996. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13062 Ziaei SMM, Salimi K, Amiri SR (2020) Investigation of quinoa cultivation (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under different irrigation intervals and foliar application in saravan region. Crop Physiol J 45(12):113–125