Quantum coherence in electrically pumped organic interferometric emitters
Tóm tắt
Electrically pumped organic semiconductors have been demonstrated to yield nearly diffraction-limited beam divergences and high-visibility double-slit interferograms characteristic of laser emission. This coherent emission has been measured and quantified in detail but no explanation has been advanced on the origin of this emission. Here, the origin of this emission is explained in terms of probability amplitudes à la Dirac. More specifically, in terms of Dirac’s identities applicable to quanta “absolutely indistinguishable from one another.” In addition, this elucidation enables the cohesive understanding of sources applicable to quantum entanglement experiments.
Tài liệu tham khảo
F.J. Duarte, L.S. Liao, K.M. Vaeth, Opt. Lett. 30, 3072 (2005)
F.J. Duarte, Opt. Lett. 32, 412 (2007)
F.J. Duarte, Appl. Phys. B 90, 101 (2008)
F. J. Duarte, K.M. Vaeth, in Organic Lasers and Organic Photonics, ed. by F.J. Duarte (Institute of Physics, Bristol, 2018) (Chapter 11)
F.J. Duarte, L.S. Liao, K.M. Vaeth, A.M. Miller, J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 172 (2006)
F.J. Duarte, K.M. Vaeth, L.S. Liao, U S Patent 7667391 B2 (2010)
F.J. Duarte, Appl. Opt. 38, 6347 (1999)
A.A. Michelson, Studies in Optics (The University of Chicago, Chicago, 1927)
M. Born, E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1975)
E. Collett, E. Wolf, Opt. Lett. 2, 27 (1978)
G.M. Shimkaveg, M.R. Carter, R.S. Walling, J.M. Ticehurst, J.A. Koch, S. Mrowka, J.E. Trebes, B.J. MacGowan, L.B. Da Silva, D.L. Mathews, R.A. London, R.E. Stewart, in Proceedings of International Conference on Lasers’ 91, ed. by F.J. Duarte, D.J. Harris (STS, McLean, VA, 1992), pp. 84–92
J.E. Trebes, K.A. Nugent, S. Mrowka, R.A. London, T.W. Barbee, M.R. Carter, J.A. Koch, B.J. MacGowan, D.L. Matthews, L.B. Da Silva, G.F. Stone, M.D. Feit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 588 (1992)
T. Ditmire, E.T. Gumbrell, R.A. Smith, J.W.G. Tisch, D.D. Meyerhofer, M.H.R. Hutchison, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4756 (1996)
Y. Liu, M. Seminario, F.G. Tomasel, C. Chang, J.J. Rocca, D.T. Atwood, Phys. Rev. A 63, 033802 (2001)
A. Lucianetti, K.A. Janulewicz, R. Kroemer, G. Priebe, J. Tümmler, W. Sandner, P.V. Nickless, V.I. Redkorechev, Opt. Lett. 29, 881 (2004)
B.J. Thompson, E. Wolf, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47, 895 (1957)
K. Saxena, D.S. Mehta, R. Srivastava, M.N. Kamalasanan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 061124 (2006)
J.A. Dharmadhikari, A.K. Dharmadhikari, G.R. Kumar, Opt. Lett. 30, 765 (2005)
F. De Martini, J.R. Jakobovitz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1711 (1988)
P.A.M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University, Oxford, 1958)
R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton, M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1965), Vol. III
F.J. Duarte, Opt. Commun. 103, 8 (1993)
F.J. Duarte, Tunable Laser Optics (Elsevier-Academic, New York, 2003)
T. Baumgratz, M. Cramer, M.B. Plenio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140401 (2014)
N.M. Bera, T. Qureshi, M.A. Siddiqui, A.K. Pati, Phys. Rev. A 92, 012118 (2015)
G. Sharma, M.A. Siddiqui, S. Mal, S.K. Sazim, A. Sen, Phys. Lett. A 384, 126297 (2020)
O. Kfir, V. Di Giulio, F.J. García de Abajo, C. Ropers, Sci. Adv. 7, abf6380 (2021)
A. Karnieli, N. Rivera, A. Arie, I. Kaminer, Sci. Adv. 7, abf8096 (2021)
F.J. Duarte, J. Mod. Opt. 60, 1585 (2013)
F.J. Duarte, Quantum Optics for Engineers (CRC, New York, 2014)
F.J. Duarte, Fundamentals of Quantum Entanglement (Institute of Physics, Bristol, 2019)
M.L.H. Pryce, J.C. Ward, Nature 160, 435 (1947)
J.C. Ward, Some Properties of the Elementary Particles (Oxford University, Oxford, 1949)
Y.H. Shih, C.O. Alley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2921 (1988)
S. Magnitskiy, D. Frolovtsev, V. Firsov, P. Gostev, I. Protsenko, M. Saygin, J. Russ. Laser Res. 36, 618 (2015)
S. Friberg, C.K. Hong, L. Mandel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2011 (1985)
F.J. Duarte, T.S. Taylor, Quantum Entanglement Engineering and Applications (Institute of Physics, Bristol, 2021)
R. Menzel, A. Heuer, D. Puhlmann, K. Dechoum, M. Hillery, M.J.A. Spähn, W.P. Schleich, J. Mod. Opt. 60, 86–94 (2013)
E. Bolduc, J. Leach, F.M. Miatto, G. Leuchs, R.W. Boyd, PNAS 111, 12337–12341 (2014)
A.S.D. Sandanayaka, T. Matsushima, F. Bencheikh, S. Terakawa, W.J. Potscavage, C. Qin, T. Fujihara, K. Goushi, J.-C. Ribierre, C. Adachi, Appl. Phys. Express 12, 061010 (2019)
I.W.D. Samuel, G.A. Turnbull, Chem. Rev. 107, 1272 (2007)
G. Xie, M. Chen, M. Mazilu, S. Zhang, A.K. Bansal, K. Dhokalia, I.D.W. Samuel, Laser Photonics Rev. 10, 82 (2016)