Quantitative precipitation estimation for an X-band dual-polarization radar in the complex mountainous terrain
Tóm tắt
This paper characterizes the applied science issues related to radar-rainfall estimation in the complex mountainous terrain and presents Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) retrieved from X-band dual-polarization radar measurements. Data collected from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) in orographic (mountainous) terrain of California are used to develop and test the QPE methodology. Based on retrieved specific differential phase, rainfall estimation was performed using data obtained from the NOAA polarimetric X-band radar and evaluated using observations of the HMT ground instruments, including rain gauges. The results indicate that the technique works well for the limited number of events that are described herein.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bringi, V. N. and Chandrasekar, V. (2001). Polarimetric doppler weather radar: Principles and applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Gabella, M. and Notarpietro, R. (2004). “Improving operational measurement of precipitation using radar in mountainous terrain- Part I: Methods.” IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Letters, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 78–83.
Germann, U., Galli, G., Boscacci, M., and Bolliger, M. (2006). “Radar precipitation measurement in a mountainous region.” Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., Vol. 132, No. 618, pp. 1669–1692.
Gorgucci, E., Scarchilli, G., and Chandrasekar, V. (2000). “Practical aspects of radar rainfall estimation using specific differential propagation phase.” J. Appl. Meteor., Vol. 39, No. 7, pp. 945–955.
Matrosov, S. Y., (2010). “Evaluating polarimetric X-band radar rainfall estimators during HMT.”, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 122–134.
Matrosov, S. Y., Clark, K. A., and Kingsmill, D. E. (2007). “A polarimetric radar approach to identify rain, melting-layer, and snow regions for applying corrections to vertical profiles of reflectivity.” J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 154–165.
Park, S.-G., Maki, M., Iwanami, K., Bringi, V. N., and Chandrasekar, V. (2005) “Correction of radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity for rain attenuation at X band. Part II: Evaluation and application.” J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., Vol. 22, No. 11, pp. 1633–1655.
Ryzhkov, A. V., Giangrande, S. E., and Schuur, T. J. (2005). “Rainfall estimation with a polarimetric prototype of WSR-88D.”, J. Appl. Meteor., Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 502–515.
Sekhon, R. S. and Srivastava, R. C. (1971). “Doppler radar observations of drop-size distributions in a thunderstorm.” J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. 983–994.
Seliga, T. A. and Bringi, V. N. (1976). “Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations for measuring precipitation.” J. Appl. Meteor., Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 69–76.
Testud, J., Oury, S., Amayenc, P., and Black, R. A. (2001). “The concept of normalized distributions to describe raindrop spectra: A tool for cloud physic and cloud remote sensing.” J. Atmos. Meteor., Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 1118–1140.
Wang, Y. and Chandrasekar, V. (2010). “Quantitative precipitation estimation in the CASA X-band dual-polarization radar network.” J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 1665–1676.
Willis, P. T. (1984). “Functional fits to some observed drop size distributions and parameterization of rain.” J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 1648–1661.
Zrni, D. S. and Ryzhkov, A. (1996). “Advantages of rain measurements using specific differentials phase.” J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 454–464.