Quantitative models of the fallout and dispersal of tephra from volcanic eruption columns

Allen JRL (1982) Particle motions at low concentrations: grading in pyroclastic-fall deposits. In: Sedimentary Structures, their character and physical basis, Vol 1 pp 111?134, Elsevier, Amsterdam

Anderson T (1908) The volcanoes of Guatemala. Geogr J 31: 473?489

Brazier S, Davies AN, Sigurdsson H, Sparks RSJ (1982) Fallout and deposition of volcanic ash during the 1979 explosive eruption of the Soufriere of St Vincent. J Volcanol Geothermal Res 14: 335?359

Briggs GA (1969) Plume Rise. US Atomic Energy Commission, pp 1?80

Carey S, Sigurdsson, H (1982) Influence of particle aggregation on deposition of distal tephra from the May 18th, 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens Volcano. J Geophys Res 87: 7061?7072

Carey S, Sigurdsson H (1985) The May 18th, 1980 eruption of Mt St Helens, 2, Modelling of Dynamics of the plinian phase. J Geophys Res 90: 2948?2958

Carey S, Sigurdsson H (1986) The 1982 eruptions of El Chichon Volcano, Mexico (2): Observations and numerical modelling of tephra-fall distribution. Bull Volcanol 48: 127?141

Danielsen E (1981) Trajectories of the Mount St Helens eruption plume. Science 211: 819?821

Eaton GP (1963) Volcanic ash deposits as a guide to atmospheric circulation in the geologic past. J Geophys Res 68: 521?528

Fay J, Escudier M, Hoult D (1970) A correlation of field observations of plume rise. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 20: 391?397

Fedotov, SA (1985) Estimates of heat and pyroclast discharge by volcanic eruptions based upon the eruption cloud and steady plume observations. Geodynamics 3: 275?302

Harris DM, Rose WI, Roe R, Thompson MR (1981) Radar observations of ash eruptions. USGS Prof Pap 1250: 323?334

Hoult D, Fay J, Forney L (1969) A theory of plume rise compared with field observations. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 19: 585?590

Hoult D, Weil J (1972) Turbulent plume in a laminar cross-flow. Atmos Environ 6: 513?531

Knox JB, Short NM (1964) A diagnostic model using ash fall data to determine eruption characteristics and atmospheric conditions during a major volcanic event. Bull Volcanol 27: 5?24

Morton B, Taylor GI, Turner IS (1956) Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources. Proc Roy Soc A234: 1?23

Rice CJ (1981) Electro-optical instrumentation for resources evaluation. Proc Intern Soc Optical Engineering 278: 23?31

Rouse H, Yih CS, Humphreys HW (1952) Gravitational convection from a boundary source. Tellus: 201?210

Scorer RS (1959) The behaviour of chimney plumes. Int J Air Pollut 1: 198?220

Settle M (1978) Volcanic eruption clouds and the thermal power output of explosive eruptions. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 3: 309?324

Shaw DM, Watkins ND, Huang TC (1974) Atmospherically transported volcanic glass in deep sea sediments: theoretical considerations. J Geophys Res 79: 3087?3094

Sigurdsson H, Sparks RSJ (1978) Rifting episodes in north Iceland in 1874?75 and the eruption of Askja and Sveinagja. Bull Volcanol 41: 1?19

Slaughter M, Hamil M (1970) Model for deposition of volcanic ash and resulting bentonite. Geol Soc Am Bull 81: 961?968

Sparks RSJ (1986) The dimensions and dynamics of volcanic eruption columns. Bull Volcanol 48: 3?15

Sparks RSJ, Moore JG, Rice CJ (1986) The initial giant umbrella cloud of the May 18th, 1980, explosive eruption of Mount St Helens. J Volcanol Geothermal Res (in press)

Sparks RSJ, Wilson L (1982) Explosive Volcanic Eruptions ? V. Observations of plume dynamics during the 1979 Soufriere eruption, St Vincent. Geophys J R Astr Soc 69, 551?570

Sparks RSJ, Wilson L, Sigurdsson H (1981) The pyroclastic deposits of the 1875 eruption of Askja. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 299: 241?273

Suzuki T (1983) A theoretical model for dispersion of tephra. In: D Shimonguru, Yokoyama I (eds) Arc Volcanism: Physics and Tectonics, pp 95?116

Suzuki T, Katsui Y, Nakamura T (1973) Size distribution of the Tarumai Ta?Tb pumice fall deposit. Bull Volcanol Soc Japan 18: 47?63

Thorarinsson S (1963) Askja on Fire. Almenna Bokafelgid, Reykjavik, Iceland

Turner JS (1979) Buoyancy Effects in Fluids. Cambridge University Press pp 1?368

Waitt RB, Dzurisin D (1981) Proximal air-fall deposits from the May 18 eruption: stratigraphy and field sedimentology. USGS Prof Pap 1250: 601?616

Walker GPL (1973) Explosive volcanic eruptions ? a new classification scheme. Geol Rudsch 62: 431?446

Walker GPL (1980) The Taupo pumice: product of the most powerful known (ultraplinian) eruption! J Volcanol Geotherm Res 8: 69?94

Walker GPL (1981) Plinian eruptions and their products. Bull Volcanol 44: 223?240

Walker GPL, Croasdale R (1971) Two plinian-type eruptions in the Azores. J Geol Soc London 127: 17?55

Walker GPL, Self S, Wilson L (1984) Tarawera 1886, New Zealand ? a basaltic plinian fissure eruption. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 21: 61?78

Walker GPL, Wilson L, Bowell ELG (1971) Explosive Volcanic Eruptions?I: Rate of fall of pyroclasts. Geophys J R Astr Soc 22: 377?383

Williams SN, Self S (1983) The October 1902 plinian eruptions of Santa Maria Volcano, Guatemala. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 16: 33?56

Wilson L (1972) Explosive Volcanic Eruptions ? II. The atmospheric trajectories of pyroclasts. Geophys J R Astr Soc 30: 381?392

Wilson L (1976) Explosive Volcanic Eruptions ? III. Plinian eruption columns. Geophys J R Astr Soc 45: 543?556

Wilson L (1980) Relationships between pressure, volatile content and ejecta velocity in three types of volcanic explosion. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 8: 297?313

Wilson L, Huang TC (1979) The influence of shape on the atmospheric settling velocity of volcanic ash particles. EPSL 44: 311?324

Wilson L, Sparks RSJ, Huang TC, Watkins ND (1978) The control of volcanic column heights by eruption energetics and dynamics. J Geophys Res 83: 1829?1836

Wilson L, Sparks RSJ, Walker GPL (1980) Explosive Volcanic Eruptions IV. The control of magma properties and conduit geometry on eruption column behaviour. Geophys J R Astr Soc 63: 117?148

Wright SJ (1977) Mean behaviour of buoyant jets in a cross-flow. J Hydraulics Div: ASCE 103: 499?513