Đánh giá định lượng rủi ro sức khỏe con người từ ô nhiễm hóa chất ở sông uMsunduzi, Nam Phi

Zesizwe Ngubane1, Bloodless Dzwairo1, Brenda Moodley2, Thor Axel Stenström3, Ekaterina Sokolova4
1Department of Civil Engineering, Midlands, Durban University of Technology, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
2School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
3Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
4Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtĐánh giá rủi ro hóa chất định lượng đã được thực hiện dựa trên dữ liệu công bố cũng như dữ liệu từ chương trình giám sát chính thức cho sông uMsunduzi ở KwaZulu-Natal, Nam Phi. Các hóa chất được đánh giá bao gồm thuốc trừ sâu chứa clorin (OCPs), dược phẩm và sản phẩm chăm sóc cá nhân (PPCPs), kim loại nặng, cũng như nitrat và photphat. Nước từ sông uMsunduzi được sử dụng tại địa phương mà không cần xử lý. Do đó, các con đường tiếp xúc được điều tra bao gồm việc nuốt phải nước trong quá trình uống nước sinh hoạt và vi phạm nuốt phải trong các hoạt động giải trí, như bơi lội và chèo xuồng không cạnh tranh, cho cả người lớn và trẻ em. Đối với từng hóa chất, rủi ro không gây ung thư đã được tính toán sử dụng chỉ số nguy cơ (HQ) và rủi ro gây ung thư sử dụng chỉ số rủi ro ung thư (CR). Kết quả cho thấy dân số bị phơi nhiễm có khả năng trải nghiệm các tác động không gây ung thư từ thuốc trừ sâu và photphat, nhưng không từ PPCPs, kim loại nặng và nitrat. Nghiên cứu này cũng phát hiện rằng rủi ro gây ung thư cho OCPs cao hơn mức giới hạn cho phép là 10-5, trong khi đối với chì, rủi ro nằm dưới mức giới hạn cho phép. Một số hoạt động có thể góp phần làm ô nhiễm sông uMsunduzi bao gồm nông nghiệp tự cung tự cấp, trồng rừng nhỏ, đổ thải trái phép, ngành công nghiệp và hệ thống cống bị hư hại. Những phát hiện của nghiên cứu này có thể làm nền tảng kỹ thuật cho việc triển khai các biện pháp giảm ô nhiễm trong khu vực lưu vực, bao gồm giáo dục công cộng. Tóm tắt đồ họa

Từ khóa


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