Quantifying the local influence at a tall tower site in nocturnal conditions

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 127 Số 3-4 - Trang 627-642 - 2017
David Werth1, R. Buckley1, Gengsheng Zhang2, Robert J. Kurzeja1, Monique Y. Leclerc2, Henrique F. Duarte2, Matthew Parker1, Thomas Watson3
1Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, USA
2Laboratory for Atmospheric and Environmental Physics, University of Georgia, Griffin, USA
3Tracer Technology Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Andrews A, Kofler J, Trudeau M, Williams J, Neff D, Masarie K, Chao D, Kitzis D, Novelli P, Zhao C, Dlugokencky E, Lang P, Crotwell M, Fischer M, Parker M, Lee J, Baumann D, Desai A, Stanier C, de Wekker S, Wolfe D, Munger J, Tans P (2013) CO2, CO and CH4 measurements from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory’s Tall Tower Greenhouse Gas Observing Network: instrumentation, uncertainty analysis and recommendations for future high-accuracy greenhouse gas monitoring efforts. Atmos Meas Techn 6:1461–1553

Barcza Z, Kern A, Haszpra L, Kljun N (2009) Spatial representativeness of tall tower eddy covariance measurements using remote sensing and footprint analysis. Agric For Meteorol 149:795–807

Barkhatov Y, Belolipetsky P, Degermendzhi A, Belolipetskii V, Verkhovets S, Timokhina A, Panov A, Shchemel A, Vedrova E, Trephilova O (2012) Modeling of CO2 fluxes between atmosphere and boreal forest. Procedia Environ Sci 13:621–625

Benjamin S, Dévényi D, Weygandt S, Brundage K, Brown J, Grell G, Kim D, Schwartz B, Smirnova T, Smith T, Manikin G (2004) An hourly assimilation–forecast cycle: the RUC. Mon Wea Rev 132:495–518

Birdsey R, Bates N, Behrenfeld M, Davis K, Doney S, Feely R, Hansell D, Heath L, Kasischke E, Khesghi H, Law B, Lee C, McGuire A, Raymond P, Tucker C (2009) Carbon cycle observations: gaps threaten climate mitigation policies. Eos 90(34):292–293

Chang J, Franzese P, Chayantrakom K, Hanna S (2003) Evaluations of CALPUFF, HPAC, and VLSTRACK with two mesoscale field datasets. J Appl Meteor 42:453–466

Chen B, Zhang H, Coops N, Fu D, Worthy D, Xu G, Black T (2013) Assessing scalar concentration footprint climatology and land surface impacts on tall-tower CO2 concentration measurements in the boreal forest of central Saskatchewan, Canada. Theor Appl Clim. doi: 10.1007/s00704-013-1038-2

Clark T, Hall W (1991) Multi-domain simulations of the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations: benchmark error analysis of some nesting procedures. J Comput Phys 92:456–481

Cotton W, Tripoli G, Rauber R, Mulvihill E (1986) Numerical simulation of the effects of varying ice crystal nucleation rates and aggregation processes on orographic snowfall. J Clim Appl Meteorol 25:1658–1680

Desai A, Noormets A, Bolstad P, Chen J, Cook B, Davis K, Euskirchen E, Gough C, Martin J, Ricciuto D, Schmid H, Tang J, Wang W (2008) Influence of vegetation and seasonal forcing on carbon dioxide fluxes across the Upper Midwest, USA: implications for regional scaling. Agric For Meteorol 148:288–308

Draxler R, Hess G (1998) An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modeling system of trajectories, dispersion, and deposition. Aust Meteorol Mag 47:295–308

Duarte H, Leclerc M, Zhang G, Durden D, Kurzeja R, Parker M, Werth D (2015) Impact of nocturnal low-level jets on near-surface turbulence kinetic energy. Bound-Layer Meteorol. doi: 10.1007/s10546-015-0030-z

Gerbig C, Dolman A, Heimann M (2009) On observational and modelling strategies targeted at regional carbon exchange over continents. Biogeosciences 6:1949–1959. doi: 10.5194/bg-6-1949-2009

Gloor M, Bakwin P, Hurst D, Lock L, Draxler R, Tans P (2001) What is the concentration footprint of a tall tower? J. Geophys Res 106:17831–17840

Gourdji S, Mueller K, Yadav V, Huntzinger D, Andrews A, Trudeau M, Petron G, Nehrkorn T, Eluszkiewicz J, Henderson J, Wen D, Lin J, Fischer M, Sweeney C, Michalak A (2012) North American CO2 exchange: inter-comparison of modeled estimates with results from a fine-scale atmospheric inversion. Biogeosciences 9:457–475. doi: 10.5194/bg-9-457-2012

Harrington J (1997) The effects of radiative and microphysical processes on simulated warm transition season Arctic stratus, Dept. of Atmospheric Science Bluebook 637, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 289 pp.

Hegarty J et al. (2013) Evaluation of Lagrangian particle dispersion models with measurements from controlled tracer releases. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 52:2623–2637. doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0125.1

Hsieh C-I, Katul G, Chi T (2000) An approximate analytical model for footprint estimation of scalar fluxes in thermally stratified atmospheric flows. Adv Water Resour 23:765–772

Kuo H (1974) Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J Atmos Sci 31:1232–1240

Leclerc M, Karipot A, Prabha T, Allwine G, Lamb B, Gholz H (2003a) Impact of non-local advection on flux footprints over a tall forest canopy: a tracer flux experiment. Agric For Meteorol 115:19–30

Leclerc M, Meskhidze N, Finn D (2003b) Comparison between measured tracer fluxes and footprint model predictions over a homogeneous canopy of intermediate roughness. Agric For Meteorol 117:145–158

Mellor G, Yamada T (1974) A hierarchy of closure models for planetary boundary layers. J Atmos Sci 31:1791–1806

Mesinger F, Arakawa A (1976) Numerical methods used in atmospheric models. GARP Publication Series, No. 14, WMO/ICSU Joint Organizing Committee, 64pp.

Mesinger F, DiMego G, Kalnay E, Shafran P, Ebisuzaki W, Jovic D, Woollen J, Mitchell K, Rogers E, Ek M, Fan Y, Grumbine R, Higgins W, Li H, Lin Y, Manikin G, Parrish D, Shi W (2004) North American Regional Reanalysis. 15th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, paper P1.1, Combined Preprints CD-ROM, 84th AMS Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. Updated 31 December 2003

Meyers M, DeMott P, Cotton W (1992) New primary ice nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model. J Appl Meteorol 31:708–721

Pasquill F, Smith F (1983) Atmospheric diffusion. Wiley, NY

Perry S, Cimorelli A, Paine R, Brode R, Weil J, Venkatram A, Wilson R, Lee R, Peters W (2005) AERMOD: a dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part II: model performance against 17 field study databases. J Appl Meteorol 44:694–708

Peters W, Jacobson A, Sweeney C, Andrews A, Conway T, Masarie K, Miller J, Bruhwiler L, Pétron G, Hirsch A, Worthy D, van der Werf G, Randerson J, Wennberg P, Krol M, Tans P (2007) An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(48):18925–18930. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0708986104

Peters W, Krol M, Dlugokencky E, Dentener F, Bergamaschi P, Dutton G, Velthoven P, Miller J, Bruhwiler L, Tans P (2004) Toward regional-scale modeling using the two-way nested global model TM5: characterization of transport using SF6. J Geophys Res 109:D19314. doi: 10.1029/2004JD005020

Pielke R, Cotton W, Walko R, Tremback C, Lyons W, Grasso L, Nicholls M, Moran M, Wesley D, Lee T, Copeland J (1992) A comprehensive meteorological modeling system-RAMS. Meteorol Atmos Phys 49:69–91

Schmid H (2002) Footprint modeling for vegetation atmosphere exchange studies: a review and perspective. Agric For Meteorol 113:159–183

Smagorinsky J (1963) General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. Part I. The basic experiment. Mon Weather Rev 91:99–164

Sogachev A, Leclerc M (2011) On concentration footprints for a tall tower in the presence of a nocturnal low-level jet. Agric For Meteorol 151:755–764

Stephens B, Gurney K, Tans P, Sweeney C, Peters W, Bruhwiler L, Ciais P, Ramonet M, Bousquet P, Nakazawa T, Aoki S, Machida T, Inoue G, Vinnichenko N, Lloyd J, Jordan A, Heimann M, Shibistova O, Langenfelds R, Steele L, Francey R, Denning A (2007) Weak northern and strong tropical land carbon uptake from vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2. Science 316(5832):1732–1735. doi: 10.1126/science.1137004

Stunder B, Heffter J, Draxler R (2007) Airborne volcanic ash forecast area reliability. Weather Forecast 22:1132–1139

van Dop H, Addis R, Fraser G, Girardi F, Graziani G, Inoue Y, Kelly N, Klug W, Kulmala A, Nodop K, Pretel J (1998) ETEX: a European tracer experiment; observations, dispersion modelling and emergency response. Atmos Environ 32:4089–4094

Walko R, Band L, Baron J, Kittel T, Lammers R, Lee T, Ojima D, Pielke R, Taylor C, Tague C, Tremback C, Vidale P (2000) Coupled atmosphere–biophysics–hydrology models for environmental modeling. J Appl Meteorol 39:931–944

Wang W, Davis K, Cook B, Yi C, Butler M, Ricciuto D, Bakwin P (2007) Estimating daytime CO2 fluxes over a mixed forest from tall tower mixing ratio measurements. J Geophys Res V112, 2006JD007770

Werth D, Kurzeja R, Luís Dias N, Zhang G, Duarte H, Fischer M, Parker M, Leclerc M (2011) The simulation of the southern great plains nocturnal boundary layer and the low-level jet with a high-resolution mesoscale atmospheric model. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 50:1497–1513