Định lượng microplastic trong hồ Red Hills của thành phố Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Ấn Độ

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 27 - Trang 33297-33306 - 2020
Kalpana Gopinath1, Srinivasalu Seshachalam1, K Neelavannan2, Vidyasakar Anburaj3, Melita Rachel1, Sushmitha Ravi1, Manikanda Bharath1, Hema Achyuthan1
1Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai, India
2Departments of Geology, University of Madras, Chennai, India
3Departments of Geology, Periyar University PG Extension Centre, Dharmapuri, India

Tóm tắt

Việc sử dụng vật liệu nhựa là điều không thể tránh khỏi trong cuộc sống hàng ngày của chúng ta đã dẫn đến sự xâm nhập của vi nhựa vào môi trường thủy sinh, với kích thước nhỏ hơn 5 mm. Vi nhựa đang trở thành mối quan tâm lớn trong những năm gần đây do tác động của nó đến con người và các sinh vật thủy sinh, vì vi nhựa hấp thu các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ và tác nhân gây bệnh từ môi trường xung quanh do tỷ lệ bề mặt và thể tích cao. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên nỗ lực tìm hiểu sự phân bố và nguồn gốc ô nhiễm vi nhựa trong hồ Red Hills, một trong những hệ thống nước ngọt cung cấp nước cho phía Bắc của thành phố Chennai. Ba mươi hai mẫu trầm tích và sáu mẫu nước đã được thu thập, phủ một diện tích 18,21 km2. Sự hiện diện của vi nhựa đã được phân tích trong nước và trầm tích theo quy trình của Cục Khí quyển và Đại dương Quốc gia (NOAA). Nồng độ vi nhựa trung bình trong mẫu nước là 5,9 hạt/L và 27 hạt/kg trong trầm tích. Ở cả trầm tích và nước, các loại vi nhựa thường gặp nhất bao gồm: sợi (37,9%), mảnh vỡ (27%), màng (24%) và viên nhựa (11,1%). Dựa trên phân tích FTIR, các loại vi nhựa phổ biến là polyethylene tỷ trọng cao, polyethylene tỷ trọng thấp, polypropylene và polystyrene. Các mẫu tiếp theo được đánh giá về thành phần nguyên tố bề mặt để hiểu xem kim loại nặng có bám vào bề mặt vi nhựa hay không bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp quang phổ tia X phân tán năng lượng. Kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy sự hiện diện của vi nhựa trong nước và trầm tích, điều này sẽ dẫn đến việc nghiên cứu sâu hơn về sự hiện diện của vi nhựa trong sinh vật và ô nhiễm vi nhựa trong các hệ thống nước ngọt.

Từ khóa

#vi nhựa #ô nhiễm #môi trường thủy sinh #hồ Red Hills #Chennai #trầm tích

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