Quality assessment of trace Cd and Pb contaminants in Thai herbal medicines using ultrasound-assisted digestion prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Zhang, 2012, Quality of herbal medicines: challenges and solutions, Complement Ther Med, 20, 100, 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.09.004 World Health Organization, 1998 Tripathy, 2015, Residues and contaminants in medicinal herbs – a review, Phytochem Lett, 14, 67, 10.1016/j.phytol.2015.09.003 Mamani, 2005, Simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in medicinal plants by anodic striping voltammetry, J Pharmaceut Biomed, 37, 709, 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.049 Street, 2012, Heavy metals in medicinal plant products – an African perspective, S Afr J Bot, 82, 67, 10.1016/j.sajb.2012.07.013 World Health Organization, 2007 Nookabkaew, 2006, Determination of trace elements in herbal tea products and their infusions consumed in Thailand, J Agr Food Chem, 54, 6939, 10.1021/jf060571w Ruengsitagoon, 2005, Determination of lead, arsenic, cadmium, copper and zinc in traditional medicines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, KKU Res J, 10, 135 Campos, 2009, Determination of lead content in medicinal plants by pre-concentration flow injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Phytochem Anal, 20, 445, 10.1002/pca.1145 Affum, 2013, Monitoring of arsenic levels in some ready-to-use anti-malaria herbal products from drug sales outlets in the Madina area of Accra, Ghana, Food Chem Toxicol, 56, 131, 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.049 Ang, 2008, Lead contamination in Eugenia dyeriana herbal preparations from different commercial sources in Malaysia, Food Chem Toxicol, 46, 1969, 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.037 Ting, 2013, Microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed traditional Chinese herbal medicines, J Trad Chin Med, 33, 119, 10.1016/S0254-6272(13)60112-0 Ponnusamy, 2014, Total nutritional capacity and inflammation inhibition effect of Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex wild – an unexplored wild leafy vegetable, J Food Drug Anal, 22, 439, 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.04.004 Aghamohammadi, 2015, Trace determination of lead, chromium and cadmium in herbal medicines using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Phytochem Anal, 26, 209, 10.1002/pca.2554 Liu, 2013, Simultaneous determination of heavy metal pollution in commercial traditional Chinese medicines in China, J Nat Med, 67, 887, 10.1007/s11418-012-0656-9 Yuan, 2009, The analysis of heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicine by flow injection-mercury hydride system and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Phytochem Anal, 20, 293, 10.1002/pca.1126 Gomez, 2007, Determination of heavy metals for the quality control in Argentinian herbal medicines by ETAAS and ICP-OES, Food Chem Toxicol, 45, 1060, 10.1016/j.fct.2006.12.013 Zhong, 2016, Determination of Pb (lead), Cd (cadmium), Cr (chromium), Cu (copper), and Ni (nickel) in Chinese tea with high-resolution continuum source graphite atomic absorption spectrometry, J Food Drug Anal, 24, 46, 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.04.010 Ebrahim, 2012, Study on selected trace elements and heavy metals in some popular medicinal plants from Sudan, J Nat Med, 66, 671, 10.1007/s11418-012-0630-6 Rubio, 2012, Evaluation of metal concentrations in mentha herbal teas (Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium and Mentha species) by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, J Pharmaceut Biomed, 71, 11, 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.015 Okem, 2012, Determination of total and bioavailable heavy and trace metals in South African commercial herbal concoctions using ICP-OES, S Afr J Bot, 82, 75, 10.1016/j.sajb.2012.07.005 Wu, 2011, Toxic metal contamination in Artemisia annua L. Herbal preparations from different commercial sources in China, J Nat Med, 65, 656, 10.1007/s11418-011-0511-4 Harris, 2011, Heavy metal and pesticide content in commonly prescribed individual raw Chinese Herbal Medicines, Sci Total Environ, 409, 4297, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.032 Birinci, 2016, Rapid determination of trace level copper in tea infusion samples by solid contact ion selective electrode, J Food Drug Anal, 24, 485, 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.02.012 Bendicho, 2012, Ultrasound-assisted pretreatment of solid samples in the context of green analytical chemistry, Trends Anal Chem, 31, 50, 10.1016/j.trac.2011.06.018 Priego-Capote, 2007, Ultrasound-assisted digestion: a useful alternative in sample preparation, J Biochem Biophys Meth, 70, 299, 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.09.006 Kazi, 2009, Evaluation of an ultrasonic acid digestion procedure for total heavy metals determination in environmental and biological samples, J Hazard Mater, 161, 1391, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.103 Kazi, 2009, Determination of toxic elements in different brands of cigarette by atomic absorption spectrometry using ultrasonic assisted acid digestion, Environ Monit Assess, 154, 155, 10.1007/s10661-008-0386-3 Yebra-Biurrun, 2005, Fast on-line ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled to a flow injection-atomic absorption spectrometric system for zinc determination in meat samples, Talanta, 66, 691, 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.12.019 Moreno-Cid, 2002, Flow injection determination of copper in mussels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after on-line continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction, Spectrochim Acta B, 57, 967, 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00030-7 Soriano, 2007, Determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in multivitamin/multimineral dosage forms or tablets after an acidic extraction, J Pharmaceut Biomed, 43, 304, 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.009 Freitas, 2015, Ultrasound-assisted digestion of biodiesel samples for determination of metals by stripping voltammetry, Anal Method, 7, 7170, 10.1039/C4AY02313G Agilent Technologies Inc, 2012 Plank Linsinger