QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF THE WAKE OF A CYLINDER IN A STEADY CURRENT AND FREE-SURFACE WAVES

ADRIAN, 1986, Image-shifting technique to resolve directional ambiguity in double-pulsed velocimetry, Applied Optics, 25, 3855, 10.1364/AO.25.003855 ADRIAN, 1991, Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 23, 304, 10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.001401 ADRIAN, 1995, Limiting resolution of particle image velocimetry for turbulent flow, 1 ADRIAN, 1984, Development of pulsed laser velocimetry (PLV) for measurement of turbulent flow, 170 ATSAVAPRANEE, 1998, Vortex dynamics in the near-wake of a freely-oscillating cylinder BEARMAN, P. W. WILLIAMSON, C. H. K. 1998, Advances in Understanding of Bluff Body Wakes BEARMAN, P. W. LEWEKE, T. WILLIAMSON, C. H. K. 2000, IUTAM Symposium on Bluff Body Wakes and Vortex-Induced Vibrations (BBVIV2) BORTHWICK, 1988, Loading and response of a small diameter flexibly mounted cylinder in waves, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2, 479, 10.1016/S0889-9746(88)90173-9 BREDE, 1996, On secondary vortices in the cylinder wake, Physics of Fluids, 8, 2117, 10.1063/1.868986 CETINER, O. ROCKWELL, D. 2000, Near-wake structure of an oscillating cylinder: Imaging in orthogonal planes CHYU, 1996, Near-wake structure of an oscillating cylinder: effect of controlled shear-layer vortices, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 322, 21, 10.1017/S0022112096002698 CHYU, 1996, Evolution of patterns of streamwise vorticity in the turbulent near-wake of a circular cylinder, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 320, 117, 10.1017/S0022112096007471 DOWNES, K. ROCKWELL, D. 2000, Oscillations of a vertical elastically-mounted cylinder in a wave: imaging of vortex patterns DUETSCH, 1998, Low-Reynolds-number flow around an oscillating circular cylinder at low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 360, 249, 10.1017/S002211209800860X ECKELMANN, 1992 GERRARD, 1978, The wakes of cylindrical bluff bodies at low Reynolds number, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London), 288, 351, 10.1098/rsta.1978.0020 GU, 1994, Timing of vortex formation from an oscillating cylinder, Physics of Fluids, 6, 3677, 10.1063/1.868424 GU, 1995, Flow structure from an oscillating cylinder with a localized nonuniformity: patterns of coherent vorticity concentrations, Physics of Fluids, 7, 993, 10.1063/1.868574 HAMA, 1957, Three-dimensional vortex pattern behind a circular cylinder, Journal of Aeronautical Science, 24, 156 HONJI, 1981, Streaked flow around an oscillating circular cylinder, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 107, 509, 10.1017/S0022112081001894 KAYE, D. 1989, Oscillation of a vertical cylinder in waves, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. KEANE, 1990, Optimization of particle image velocimeters. Part I: double pulsed systems, Measurement Science and Technology, 1, 1202, 10.1088/0957-0233/1/11/013 KEANE, 1991, Optimization of particle image velocimeters: Part II: multiple pulsed systems, Measurement Science and Technology, 2, 963, 10.1088/0957-0233/2/10/013 LANG, 1998, On the effects of surface contamination in the wake of surface-piercing cylinder LEE, 1996, Suggestive correctional methods for PIV image biasing caused by a rotating mirror system, Experiments in Fluids, 21, 201, 10.1007/BF00191692 LIGHTHILL, 1986, Fundamentals concerning wave loading on offshore structures, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 173, 667, 10.1017/S0022112086001313 LIN, 1994, Cinematographic system for high-image-density particle image velocimetry, Experiments in Fluids, 17, 110, 10.1007/BF02412812 LIN, 1996, Force identification by vorticity fields: techniques based on flow imaging, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 10, 663, 10.1006/jfls.1996.0044 LIN, 1997, Quantitative interpretation of vortices from a cylinder oscillating in quiescent fluid, Experiments in Fluids, 23, 99, 10.1007/s003480050090 LIN, 1999, Cinema PIV and its application to impinging vortex systems, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, 121, 720, 10.1115/1.2823529 LIN, 1996, Near-wake of a perturbed, horizontal cylinder at a free-surface, Physics of Fluids, 8, 2107, 10.1063/1.868985 LIN, 1995, Near-wake of a circular cylinder: control by steady and unsteady surface injection, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 9, 659, 10.1006/jfls.1995.1036 LIN, 1996, Space–time imaging of a turbulent near-wake by high-image-density particle image cinematography, Physics of Fluids, 8, 555, 10.1063/1.868808 LOURENCO, 1986, Laser speckle methods in fluid dynamics applications, 51 NOCA, F. 1996, On the evaluation of instantaneous fluid-dynamic forces on a bluff body, FM96-5, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, U.S.A. NOCA, F. 1997, On the evaluation of time-dependent fluid dynamic forces on bluff bodies, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, U.S.A. NOCA, 1997, Measuring instantaneous fluid dynamic forces on bodies using only velocity field and their derivatives, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 11, 345, 10.1006/jfls.1997.0081 NOCA, 1998, Vortex formation length of a circular cylinder (300<Re <4,000) using DPIV NOCA, 1999, A comparison of methods for evaluating time-dependent fluid dynamic forces on bodies, using only velocity fields and their derivatives, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 13, 551, 10.1006/jfls.1999.0219 OBASAJU, 1988, A study of forces, circulation and vortex patterns around a circular cylinder in oscillating flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 196, 467, 10.1017/S0022112088002782 OSCHWALD, 1995, Systematic errors in PIV by realizing velocity offsets with the rotating mirror method, Experiments in Fluids, 18, 329, 10.1007/BF00211388 RAFFEL, 1995, Theoretical and experimental aspects of image-shifting by means of a rotating mirror system for particle image velocimetry, Measurement, Science and Technology, 6, 795, 10.1088/0957-0233/6/6/016 ROCKWELL, 1998, Quantitative imaging of flow–structure interactions, 707 ROCKWELL, 2001, Imaging of unsteady separated flows: global approaches to new insight, Experiments in Fluids ROCKWELL, 1993, High image-density particle image velocimetry using laser scanning techniques, Experiments in Fluids, 14, 181, 10.1007/BF00189509 SARPKAYA, 1986, Force on a circular cylinder in viscous oscillatory flow at low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 165, 61, 10.1017/S0022112086002999 SHERIDAN, 1997, Flow past a cylinder close to a free-surface, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 330, 1, 10.1017/S002211209600328X SHERIDAN, 1998, On the near-wake topology of an oscillating cylinder, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 12, 215, 10.1006/jfls.1997.0133 SUMNER, 1998, Investigation of side-by-side circular cylinders in steady cross-flow, by particle image velocimetry SUMNER, 2000, Flow-pattern identification for two staggered circular cylinders in cross-flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 411, 263, 10.1017/S0022112099008137 TATSUMO, 1990, A visual study of the flow around an oscillating circular cylinder at low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers and low Stokes numbers, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 211, 157, 10.1017/S0022112090001537 TECHET, 1998, The evolution of a ‘hybrid’ shedding mode TOWFIGHI, 1994, Flow structure from an oscillating nonuniform cylinder: generation of patterned vorticity concentrations, Physics of Fluids, 6, 531, 10.1063/1.868348 UNAL, 1997, Force prediction by PIV imaging: a momentum-based approach, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 11, 965, 10.1006/jfls.1997.0111 WILLIAMSON, 1988, The existence of two stages in the transition to three-dimensionality of a cylinder wake, Physics of Fluids, 31, 3165, 10.1063/1.866925 WILLIAMSON, 1992, The natural and forced formation of spot-like dislocations in the transition of a wake, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 243, 393, 10.1017/S0022112092002763 WILLIAMSON, 1996, Three-dimensional wake transition, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 328, 345, 10.1017/S0022112096008750 WILLIAMSON, 1996, Vortex dynamics in the cylinder wake, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 28, 477, 10.1146/annurev.fl.28.010196.002401 WILLIAMSON, 1998, Fluid loading and vortex dynamics for a body in elliptic orbits WU, 1981, Theory for aerodynamic force and moment in viscous flows, AIAA Journal, 19, 432, 10.2514/3.50966 WU, 1994, Longitudinal vortex structures in a cylinder wake, Physics of Fluids, 6, 2883, 10.1063/1.868115 WU, 1996, Three-dimensional vortex structures in a cylinder wake, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 312, 201, 10.1017/S0022112096001978 YANG, 2000, Vertical cylinder in a wave: patterns of spanwise vortex formation and loading, Journal of Fluid Mechanics ZHU, 2000, Motion of a cylinder adjacent to a free-surface: flow patterns and loading, Experiments in Fluids, 28, 559, 10.1007/s003480050416