Puma, một tác nhân quan trọng trong tế bào chết — một thập kỷ sau khi được phát hiện
Tóm tắt
PUMA (yếu tố điều chỉnh apoptotic được tăng cường bởi p53) là một thành viên pro-apoptotic thuộc nhóm chỉ BH3 của gia đình Bcl-2. Nó là một tác nhân trung gian chính của apoptosis phụ thuộc vào p53 và không phụ thuộc vào p53 và đã được xác định cách đây 10 năm. Gen PUMA được đánh dấu tại nhánh dài của nhiễm sắc thể 19, một vùng thường xuyên bị mất trong một số lượng lớn các loại ung thư ở người. PUMA trung gian tác động của apoptosis nhờ khả năng liên kết trực tiếp với các thành viên chống apoptotic đã biết của gia đình Bcl-2. Nó chủ yếu định vị tại ti thể. Việc PUMA liên kết với các thành viên ức chế của gia đình Bcl-2 (các protein tương tự Bcl-2) thông qua miền BH3 của nó dường như là một bước điều chỉnh quan trọng trong việc khởi động apoptosis. Điều này dẫn đến việc di chuyển các protein Bax và/hoặc Bak. Tiếp theo đó là sự kích hoạt của chúng và sự hình thành các cấu trúc giống như lỗ trên màng ti thể, làm cho màng ngoài của ti thể trở nên thấm với các chất, dẫn đến chức năng ti thể bị suy giảm và kích hoạt caspase. PUMA tham gia vào một số lượng lớn các quá trình sinh lý và bệnh lý, bao gồm phản ứng miễn dịch, ung thư, bệnh thần kinh thoái hóa và nhiễm trùng do vi khuẩn và virus.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
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