Kiểm tra và Đánh giá Phi phá hủy bằng Dòng điện Xoáy Xung: Một Bài Tổng Quan

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering - Tập 30 Số 3 - Trang 500-514 - 2017
Ali Sophian1, Gui Yun Tian2, Mengbao Fan3
1Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
3School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắt

Phương pháp kiểm tra và đánh giá phi phá hủy bằng dòng điện xoáy xung (PEC) đã tồn tại trong một khoảng thời gian và vẫn thu hút sự chú ý từ nhiều nhà nghiên cứu trên toàn cầu, điều này có thể được chứng minh thông qua các báo cáo được xem xét trong bài viết này. Nhờ vào sự phong phú của các thành phần phổ, nhiều ứng dụng của kỹ thuật này đã được đề xuất và báo cáo trong tài liệu, bao gồm cả việc kiểm tra tính toàn vẹn cấu trúc và đặc trưng vật liệu trong nhiều ngành công nghiệp khác nhau. Để hỗ trợ cho sự phát triển của nó và nhằm hiểu rõ hơn về các hiện tượng xung quanh dòng điện xoáy cảm ứng tạm thời, các nỗ lực mô hình hóa cả về lý thuyết và thực nghiệm đã được các nhà nghiên cứu trên toàn thế giới thực hiện. Bài tổng quan này là một nỗ lực để nắm bắt sự phát triển tiên tiến và các ứng dụng của PEC, đặc biệt trong 15 năm qua và không nhằm mục đích là toàn diện. Các thách thức và cơ hội tương lai cho kiểm tra và đánh giá phi phá hủy PEC cũng được trình bày.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Lebrun B, Jayet Y, Baboux J-C. Pulsed eddy current signal analysis: application to the experimental detection and characterization of deep flaws in highly conductive materials. NDT E Int., 1997, 30(3): 163–170.

Michniakova M, Janousek L. The impact of various waveform shapes on the response signal in pulsed eddy current NDE. ELEKTRO 2012, 2012: 439–442.

Li J, Wu X, Zhang Q, et al. Pulsed eddy current testing of ferromagnetic specimen based on variable pulse width excitation. NDT E Int., 2015, 69: 28–34.

Li Y, Yan B, Li D, et al. Pulse-modulation eddy current inspection of subsurface corrosion in conductive structures. NDT E Int., 2016, 79: 142–149.

Abidin I Z, Mandache C, Tian G Y, et al. Pulsed eddy current testing with variable duty cycle on rivet joints. NDT E Int., 2009, 42(7): 599–605.

Dolabdjian C P, Perez L, De Haan V O, et al. Performance of magnetic pulsed-eddy-current system using high dynamic and high linearity improved giant magnetoresistance magnetometer. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2006, 6(6): 1511–1517.

Li J, Wu X, Zhang Q, et al. Measurement of lift-off using the relative variation of magnetic flux in pulsed eddy current testing. NDT E Int., 2015, 75: 57–64.

Huang C, Wu X. An improved ferromagnetic material pulsed eddy current testing signal processing method based on numerical cumulative integration. NDT E Int., 2015, 69: 35–39.

Blitz J. Eddy current testing of metails. NDT E Int., 1997, 30(1): 41.

Desjardins D, Krause T W, Clapham L. Transient eddy current method for the characterization of magnetic permeability and conductivity. NDT E Int., 2016, 80: 65–70.

Desjardins D R, Krause T W, Clapham L. Transient response of a driver coil in transient eddy current testing. NDT E Int., 2015, 73: 8–14.

Vasic D, Bilas V, Ambrus D. Pulsed eddy-current nondestructive testing of ferromagnetic tubes. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2004, 53(4): 1289–1294.

Park D G, Angani C S, Cheong Y M. Differential pulsed eddy current probe to detect the sub surface cracks in a stainless steel pipe. 18th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 2012.

Horan P, Underhill P R, Krause T W. Pulsed eddy current detection of cracks in F/A-18 inner wing spar without wing skin removal using Modified Principal Component Analysis. NDT E Int., 2013, 55: 21–27.

He Y, Luo F, Pan M, et al. Pulsed eddy current technique for defect detection in aircraft riveted structures. NDT E Int., 2010, 43(2): 176–181.

Abrantes R F, Rosado L S, Piedade M, et al. Pulsed eddy currents testing using a planar matrix probe. Measurement, 2016, 77: 351–361.

Southwest Research Institute. Southwest Research Institute 2004 Annual Report, 2004.

Yang G, Tamburrino A, Udpa L, et al. Pulsed eddy-current based giant magnetoresistive system for the Inspection of aircraft structures. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2010, 46(3): 910–917.

He Y, Pan M, Luo F, et al. Pulsed eddy current imaging and frequency spectrum analysis for hidden defect nondestructive testing and evaluation. NDT E Int., 2011, 44(4): 344–352.

He Y, Luo F, Pan M, et al. Defect classification based on rectangular pulsed eddy current sensor in different directions. Sensors Actuators A Phys., 2010, 157(1): 26–31.

Arjun V, Sasi B, Rao B P C, et al. Optimisation of pulsed eddy current probe for detection of sub-surface defects in stainless steel plates. Sensors Actuators A Phys., 2015, 226: 69–75.

Zhou D, Wang J, He Y, et al. Influence of metallic shields on pulsed eddy current sensor for ferromagnetic materials defect detection. Sensors Actuators A Phys., 2016, 248: 162–172.

Fan M, Cao B, Sunny A I, et al. Pulsed eddy current thickness measurement using phase features immune to liftoff effect. NDT E Int., 2017, 86: 123–131.

Tumanski S. Induction coil sensors—a review. Meas. Sci. Technol., 2007, 18(3): R31–R46.

Ripka P, Janosek M. Advances in magnetic field sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2010, 10(6): 1108–1116.

Herrera-May A L, Aguilera-Cortés L A, García-Ramírez P J, et al. Resonant magnetic field sensors based on MEMS technology. Sensors, 2009, 9(10): 7785.

Li Y, Tian G Y, Simm A. Fast analytical modelling for pulsed eddy current evaluation. NDT E Int., 2008, 41(6): 477–483.

Kim J, Yang G, Udpa L, et al. Classification of pulsed eddy current GMR data on aircraft structures,” NDT E Int., 2010, 43(2): 141–144.

Cheng W. Pulsed eddy current testing of carbon steel pipes’ wall-thinning through insulation and cladding. J. Nondestruct. Eval., 2012, 31(3): 215–224.

Albrecht J, Carls S, Robert S. Magnetoresistive Sensors for Nondestructive Evaluation. 10th SPIE International Symposium, Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics, Conference 5770, 2005.

Panaitov G, Krause H-J, Zhang Y. Pulsed eddy current transient technique with HTS SQUID magnetometer for non-destructive evaluation. Phys. C Supercond., 2002, 372–376: 278–281.

Li Y, Yan B, Li D, et al. Gradient-field pulsed eddy current probes for imaging of hidden corrosion in conductive structures. Sensors Actuators A Phys., 2016, 238: 251–265.

Joubert P Y, Le Diraison Y, Xi Z, et al. Pulsed eddy current imaging device for non destructive evaluation applications. Sensors, 2013 IEEE, 2013: 1–4.

Joubert P Y, Le Diraison Y. Pulsed eddy current imager for the enhanced non destructive evaluation of aeronautical riveted assemblies. IEEE SENSORS 2014 Proceedings, 2014: 1188–1191.

Majidnia S, Nilavalan R, Rudlin J. Investigation of an encircling Pulsed Eddy Current probe for corrosion detection. IEEE Sensors 2014 Proceedings, 2014: 835–838.

Dai X W, Ludwig R, Palanisamy R. Numerical simulation of pulsed eddy-current nondestructive testing phenomena. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1990: 26(6): 3089–3096.

Ludwig R, Dai X W. Numerical and analytical modeling of pulsed eddy currents in a conducting half-space. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1990: 26(1): 299–307.

Allen B L, Lord W. Finite element modeling of pulsed eddy current phenomena. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1984: 3(A): 561–568.

Allen B, Ida N, Lord W. Finite element modeling of pulse Eddy current NDT phenomena. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1985, 21(6): 2250–2253.

Desjardins D P R, Krause T W, Gauthier N. Analytical modeling of the transient response of a coil encircling a ferromagnetic conducting rod in pulsed eddy current testing. NDT E Int., 2013, 60: 127–131.

Fan M, Huang P, Ye B, et al. Analytical modeling for transient probe response in pulsed eddy current testing. NDT E Int., 2009, 42(5): 376–383.

Chen X, Lei Y. Time-domain analytical solutions to pulsed eddy current field excited by a probe coil outside a conducting ferromagnetic pipe. NDT E Int., 2014, 68: 22–27.

Fan M, Cao B, Wang Y. Computation of coil-induced voltage due to a defect-free plate using Stehfest’s method for pulsed eddy current evaluation. Insight Non-Destructive Test. Cond. Monit., 2010, 52(6): 302–304.

Chen X, Lei Y. Electrical conductivity measurement of ferromagnetic metallic materials using pulsed eddy current method. NDT E Int., 2015, 75: 33–38.

Theodoulidis T, Wang H, Tian G Y. Extension of a model for eddy current inspection of cracks to pulsed excitations. NDT E Int., 2012, 47: 144–149.

Liu S X, Xin W, Ding K Q. Simulation of corrosion on detection for pulsed eddy current. Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), 2010 Seventh International Conference on, 2010, 4: 1839–1842.

Pavo J. Numerical calculation method for pulsed eddy-current testing. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2002, 38(2): 1169–1172.

Alamin M, Tian G Y, Andrews A, et al. Principal component analysis of pulsed eddy current response from corrosion in mild steel. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2012, 12(8): 2548–2553.

Xu Z, Wu X, Li J, et al. Assessment of wall thinning in insulated ferromagnetic pipes using the time-to-peak of differential pulsed eddy-current testing signals. NDT E Int., 2012, 51: 24–29.

Tian G Y, Sophian A. Defect classification using a new feature for pulsed eddy current sensors. NDT & E International, 2005, 38(1): 77–82.

Chen X, Hou D, Zhao L, et al. Study on defect classification in multi-layer structures based on Fisher linear discriminate analysis by using pulsed eddy current technique. NDT E Int., 2014, 67: 46–54.

BinFeng Y, FeiLu L, Dan H. Research on edge identification of a defect using pulsed eddy current based on principal component analysis. NDT E Int., 2007, 40(4): 294–299.

Yang G, Tian G Y, Que P W, et al. Independent component analysis–based feature extraction technique for defect classification applied for pulsed eddy current NDE. Res. Nondestruct. Eval., 2009, 20(4): 230–245.

Sophian A, Tian G Y, Taylor D, et al. A feature extraction technique based on principal component analysis for pulsed Eddy current NDT. NDT & E International, 2003, 36(1): 37–41.

Horan P F, Underhill P R, Krause T W. Real time pulsed eddy current detection of cracks in F/A-18 inner wing spar using discriminant separation of modified principal components analysis scores. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2014, 14(1): 171–177.

Qiu X, Zhang P, Wei J, et al. Defect classification by pulsed eddy current technique in con-casting slabs based on spectrum analysis and wavelet decomposition. Sensors Actuators A Phys., 2013, 203: 272–281.

Pan M, He Y, Tian G, et al. Defect characterisation using pulsed eddy current thermography under transmission mode and NDT applications. NDT E Int., 2012, 52: 28–36.

Stott C A, Underhill P R, Babbar V K, et al. Pulsed eddy current detection of cracks in multilayer aluminum lap loints. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015, 15(2): 956–962.

Buck J A, Underhill P R, Mokros S G, et al. Pulsed eddy current inspection of support structures in steam generators. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2015, 15(8): 4305–4312.

Hosseini S, Lakis A A. Application of time–frequency analysis for automatic hidden corrosion detection in a multilayer aluminum structure using pulsed eddy current. NDT E Int., 2012, 47: 70–79.

Qiu X B, Liu L L, Li C L, et al. Defect classification by pulsed eddy-current technique based on power spectral density analysis combined with wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2014, 50(9): 1–8.

Kiwa T, Kawata T, Yamada H, et al. Fourier-transformed eddy current technique to visualize cross-sections of conductive materials. NDT E Int., 2007, 40(5): 363–367.

Tian G Y, Sophian A, Taylor D, et al. Wavelet-based PCA defect classification and quantification for pulsed eddy current NDT. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology, 2005, 152(4): 141–148.

Zhang Q, Chen T, Yang G, et al. Time and frequency domain feature fusion for defect classification based on pulsed eddy current NDT. Res. Nondestruct. Eval., 2012, 23(3): 171–182.

Giguère S, Lepine B A, Dubois J M S. Pulsed eddy current technology: characterizing material loss with gap and lift-off variations. Res. Nondestruct. Eval., 2001, 13(3): 119–129.

Giguère S, Dubois S J M. Pulsed eddy current: Finding corrosion independently of transducer lift-off. AIP Conf. Proc., 2000, 509(1): 449–456.

Angani C S, Ramos H G, Ribeiro A L, et al. Lift-off point of intersection feature in transient eddy-current oscillations method to detect thickness variation in stainless steel. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2016, 52(6): 1–8.

Liu Z, Ramuhalli P, Safizadeh S, et al. Combining multiple nondestructive inspection images with a generalized additive model. Meas. Sci. Technol., 2008, 19(8): 817–822.

Lefebvre J H V, Dubois J M S. Lift-off point of intercept (LOI) behavior. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2005, 760: 523–530.

Tian G Y, Li Y, Mandache C. Study of lift-off invariance for pulsed eddy-current signals. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2009, 45(1): 184–191.

Li Y B, Chen Z B, Qi Y. Generalized analytical expressions of liftoff intersection in PEC and a liftoff-intersection-based fast inverse model. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2011, 47(10): 2931–2934.

Lefebvre J H V, Mandache C. Pulsed eddy current thickness measurement of conductive layers over ferromagnetic substrates. Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech., 2008, 27(1–2): 1–8.

Mandache C, Lefebvre J H V. Transient and harmonic eddy currents: Lift-off point of intersection. NDT E Int., 2006, 39(1): 57–60.

Kral J, Smid R, Ramos H M G, et al. The lift-off effect in Eddy currents on thickness modeling and measurement. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 2013, 62(7): 2043–2049.

Tian G Y, Sophian A. Reduction of lift-off effects for pulsed eddy current NDT. NDT E Int., 2005, 38(4): 319–324.

Yu Y, Yan Y, Wang F, et al. An approach to reduce lift-off noise in pulsed eddy current nondestructive technology. NDT E Int., 2014, 63: 1–6.

Huang C, Wu X. Probe lift-off compensation method for pulsed eddy current thickness measurement. Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), 2014 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on., 2014: 937–939.

Tian G Y, He Y, Adewale I, et al. Research on spectral response of pulsed eddy current and NDE applications. Sensors Actuators A Phys., 2013, 189: 313–320.

Yang H-C, Tai C-C. Pulsed eddy-current measurement of a conducting coating on a magnetic metal plate. Meas. Sci. Technol., 2002, 13(8): 1259.

Shin Y-K, Choi D-M, Kim Y-J, et al. Signal characteristics of differential-pulsed eddy current sensors in the evaluation of plate thickness. NDT E Int., 2009, 42(3): 215–221.

Robers M A, Scottini R. Pulsed eddy currents in corrosion detection. NDT.net, 2002: 7(10).

Eddyfi. Lyft Specifications Sheet. [Online]. Available: http://www.eddyfi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/specifications-sheet-lyft.pdf. [Accessed: 02-Oct-2016].

Xie S, Chen Z, Takagi T, et al. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of wall thinning defect in double-layer pipe of nuclear power plants using pulsed ECT method. NDT E Int., 2015, 75: 87–95.

Park D G, Angani C S, Kim G D, et al. Evaluation of pulsed eddy current response and detection of the thickness variation in the stainless steel. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009, 45(10): 3893–3896.

Park D-G, Angani C S, Kishore M B, et al. The effects of lift-off from wall thinning signal in pulsed eddy current testing. J. Magn., 2012, 17(4): 298–301.

Chen T, Tian G Y, Sophian A, et al. Feature extraction and selection for defect classification of pulsed eddy current NDT. NDT E Int., 2008, 41(6): 467–476.

Lai S, Chen D Y, Chen H, et al. Pulsed eddy current testing of inner wall flaws in pipe under insulation. Procedia Eng., 130: 1658–1664.

Tian G, He Y, Alamin M, et al. Corrosion characterisation using pulsed eddy current sensor systems. Sensing Technology (ICST), 2011 Fifth International Conference on., 2011: 498–503.

Sophian A, Tian G Y, Taylor D, et al. Design of a pulsed eddy current sensor for detection of defects in aircraft lap-joints. Sensors Actuators, A Phys., 2002: 101(1–2): 92–98.

Wu J, Zhou D, Wang J, et al. Surface crack detection for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials using pulsed eddy current testing. Nondestructive Evaluation/Testing (FENDT), 2014 IEEE Far East Forum on., 2014: 181–185.

He Y, Tian G, Pan M, et al. Non-destructive testing of low-energy impact in CFRP laminates and interior defects in honeycomb sandwich using scanning pulsed eddy current. Compos. Part B Eng., 59: 196–203.

Morozov M, Tian G Yun, Withers P J. The pulsed eddy current response to applied loading of various aluminium alloys. NDT E Int., 2010, 43(6): 493–500.

Rosado L S, Santos T G, Ramos P M, et al. A differential planar eddy currents probe: Fundamentals, modeling and experimental evaluation. NDT E Int., 2012: 51: 85–93.

Zhou D, Wang J, Wu J, et al. Investigation of rectangular differential probes for pulsed eddy current non-destructive testing. Insight - Non-Destructive Test. Cond. Monit., 2016, 58(2): 87–100.

Sergeeva-Chollet N, Decitre J, Fermon C, et al. Intrinsic noise study of Eddy current probes based on magnetoresistive sensors. 11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), 2014.

Adewale I D, Tian G Y. Decoupling the influence of permeability and conductivity in pulsed eddy-current measurements. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2013, 49(3): 1119–1127.

Fan M, Cao B, Yang P, et al. Elimination of liftoff effect using a model-based method for eddy current characterization of a plate. NDT E Int., 2015, 74: 66–71.