Public perceptions of the police in Mexico: a case study

Policing - Tập 29 Số 1 - Trang 158-175 - 2006
BenBrown1, WmReed Benedict2, William V.Wilkinson1
1Criminal Justice Department, The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas, USA,
2Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, USA

Tóm tắt

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to assess public perceptions of the police in Mexico.Design/methodology/approachSurveys were administered to more than 300 law school students in Tampico, Tamaulipas.FindingsAnalyses of the data show that the majority of respondents view the municipal, state, and federal police forces negatively. The analyses also indicate that the federal police are viewed less negatively than the state police and the state police are viewed less negatively than the municipal police. Finally, the analyses show that there is a difference in diffuse and specific support for the police agencies, but there was not a consistent pattern of diffuse support being greater than specific support.Research limitations/implicationsBecause the sample was composed of law school students, the results cannot be generalized to the Mexican populace. And the unusual findings pertaining to diffuse and specific support for the police indicate a need for additional research on this phenomenon.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that the recent police reforms in Mexico have failed to instill public confidence in the police and that the Mexican government needs to increase police reform efforts. In addition, because of the large influx of immigration from Mexico into the USA, police agencies in the USA will need to increase efforts to work with Hispanic communities in order to gain the confidence of the Mexican immigrants.Originality/valueTo date, this is the most comprehensive empirical examination of perceptions of the police forces in Mexico.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Alaniz, M.L., Cartmill, R.S. and Parker, R.N. (1998), “Immigrants and violence: the importance of neighborhood context”, Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 20, pp. 155‐76.

Alemika, E.E.O. (1988), “Policing and perceptions of the police in Nigeria”, Police Studies, Vol. 11, pp. 161‐76.

Benedict, W.R., Brown, B. and Bower, D.J. (2000), “Perceptions of the police and fear of crime in a rural setting: utility of a geographically focused survey for police services, planning, and assessment”, Criminal Justice Policy Review, Vol. 4, pp. 275‐98.

Brandl, S.G., Frank, J., Worden, R.E. and Bynum, T.S. (1994), “Global and specific attitudes toward the police: disentangling the relationship”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 11, pp. 119‐34.

Brown, B. (2004), “Community policing in a diverse society”, Law Enforcement Executive Forum, Vol. 4, pp. 49‐56.

Brown, B. and Benedict, W.R. (2002), “Perceptions of the police: past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues, and policy implications”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 25, pp. 543‐80.

Camarota, S.A. (2001), Immigration from Mexico: Assessing the Impact on the United States, Center for Immigration Studies, Washington, DC.

Camarota, S.A. (2002), Immigrants in the United States – 2002: A Snapshot of America's Foreign‐Born Population, Center for Immigration Studies, Washington, DC.

Cao, L. and Hou, C. (2001), “A comparison of confidence in the police in China and the United States”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 29, pp. 87‐99.

Cao, L., Frank, J. and Cullen, F.T. (1996), “Race, community context, and confidence in the police”, American Journal of Police, Vol. 15, pp. 3‐22.

Chermak, S., McGarrell, E.F. and Weiss, A. (2001), “Citizens' perceptions of aggressive traffic enforcement strategies”, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 18, pp. 365‐91.

Cheurprakobkit, S. (2000), “Police‐citizen contact and police performance: attitudinal differences between Hispanics and non‐Hispanics”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 28, pp. 325‐36.

Cheurprakobkit, S. and Bartsch, R.A. (1999), “Police work and the police profession: assessing attitudes of city officials, Spanish‐speaking Hispanics, and their English‐speaking counterparts”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 27, pp. 87‐100.

Correia, M.E., Reisig, M.D. and Lovrich, N.P. (1996), “Public perceptions of state police: an analysis of individual‐level and contextual variables”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 24, pp. 17‐28.

Cox, T.C. and Falkenberg, S.D. (1987), “Adolescents' attitudes toward the police: an emphasis on interactions between the delinquency measure of alcohol and marijuana, police contacts and attitudes”, American Journal of Police, Vol. 6, pp. 45‐62.

Cox, T.C. and White, M.F. (1988), “Traffic citations and student attitudes toward the police: an evaluation of selected interaction dynamics”, Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 16, pp. 105‐21.

Davis, D.E. (2003), “Law enforcement in Mexico City: not yet under control”, NACLA Report on the Americas, September/October, Vol. 37 No. 2, pp. 17‐24.

Davis, R.C. and Erez, E. (1998), Immigrant Populations as Victims: Toward a Multicultural Criminal Justice System, Monograph NCJ 167571, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC.

Decker, S.H. (1981), “Citizen attitudes toward the police: a review of past findings and suggestions for future policy”, Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 9, pp. 80‐7.

Decker, S.H. (1985), “The police and the public: perceptions and policy recommendations”, in Homant, R.J. and Kennedy, D.B. (Eds), Police and Law Enforcement 1975‐1981, Vol. 3, AMS Press Inc., New York, NY, pp. 89‐105.

Dunham, R.G. and Alpert, G.P. (1988), “Neighborhood differences in attitudes toward policing: evidence for a mixed‐strategy model for policing in a multi‐ethnic setting”, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 79, pp. 504‐21.

Espenshade, T.J. (1995), “Unauthorized immigration to the United States”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 21, pp. 195‐216.

Furstenberg, F.J. and Wellford, C.F. (1973), “Calling the police: the evaluation of public service”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 7, pp. 393‐406.

Gourley, G.D. (1954), “Police public relations”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 291, pp. 135‐42.

Heisler, M., Moreno, A., DeMonner, S., Keller, A. and Iacopino, V. (2003), “Assessment of torture and ill treatment of detainees in Mexico: attitudes and experiences of forensic physicians”, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 289, pp. 2135‐43.

Hurst, Y.G. and Frank, J. (2000), “How kids view cops: the nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 28, pp. 189‐202.

Jefferis, E.S., Kaminski, R.J., Holmes, S. and Hanley, D.E. (1997), “The effect of a videotaped arrest on public perceptions of police use of force”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 25, pp. 381‐95.

Jimenez, A.Z. (2003), “Criminal justice and the law in Mexico”, Crime, Law, & Social Change, Vol. 40, pp. 33‐6.

Kaminski, R.J. and Jefferis, E.S. (1998), “The effect of a violent televised arrest on public perceptions of the police: a partial test of Easton's theoretical framework”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 21, pp. 683‐706.

Lira, L.R. and Andrade‐Palos, P. (1993), “Fear of victimization in Mexico”, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 3, pp. 41‐51.

Macias, V. and Castillo, F. (2002), “Mexico's national public security system: perspectives for the new millennium”, in Bailey, J. and Chabat, J. (Eds), Transnational Crime and Public Security: Challenges to Mexico and the United States, Center for US‐Mexican Studies, La Jolla, CA, pp. 53‐70.

Marenin, O. (1983), “Supporting the local police: the differential group basis of varieties of support”, Police Studies, Vol. 6, pp. 50‐6.

Menjivar, C. and Bejarano, C.L. (2004), “Latino immigrants' perceptions of crime and police authorities in the United States: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan area”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 27, pp. 120‐48.

Moloeznik, M.P. (2003), “The challenges to Mexico in times of political change”, Crime, Law, & Social Change, Vol. 40, pp. 7‐20.

Murphy, D.W. and Worrall, J.L. (1999), “Residency requirements and public perceptions of the police in large municipalities”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 22, pp. 327‐42.

Nadelmann, E. (1993), Cops Across Borders: The Internationalization of US Criminal Law Enforcement, Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA.

Newburger, E.C. and Curry, A. (2000), Educational Attainment in the United States, Monograph, P20‐528, US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC.

Nofziger, N. and Williams, L.S. (2005), “Perceptions of police and safety in a small town”, Police Quarterly, Vol. 8, pp. 248‐70.

O'Day, P. (2001), “The Mexican army as cartel”, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 17, pp. 278‐95.

Olivero, J.M. and Murataya, R. (1998), “Citizen satisfaction with police services in Guadalajara, Mexico”, International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, Vol. 22, pp. 305‐10.

Oster, P. (2002), The Mexicans: A Personal Portrait of a People, HarperCollins Publishers Inc., New York, NY.

Peacock, M.J., McClure, F. and Agars, M.D. (2003), “Predictors of delinquent behaviors among Latino youth”, The Urban Review, Vol. 35, pp. 59‐72.

Peek, C.W., Alston, J.P. and Lowe, G.D. (1978), “Comparative evaluation of the local police”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 37, pp. 370‐9.

Ramirez, R.R. and de la Cruz, G.P. (2003), The Hispanic Population in the United States: Match 2002, Monograph, P20‐545, US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC.

Reames, B. (2003), Police Forces in Mexico: A Profile, Center for US Mexican Studies, La Jolla, CA.

Reisig, M.D. and Correia, M.E. (1997), “Public evaluations of police performance: an analysis across three levels of policing”, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, Vol. 20, pp. 311‐25.

Schafer, J.A., Huebner, B.M. and Bynum, T.S. (2003), “Citizen perceptions of police services: race, neighborhood context, and community policing”, Police Quarterly,, Vol. 6, pp. 440‐68.

Schmidley, D. (2003), The Foreign‐Born Population in the United States: March 2002, Monograph P20‐539, US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC.

Singh, O.R. (1998), “People's perceptions of women police in Delhi”, Social Welfare, Vol. 45, pp. 25‐30.

Skogan, W.G., Steiner, L., DuBois, J., Gudell, J.E. and Fagan, A. (2002), Community Policing and The New Immigrants: Latinos in Chicago, Monograph NCJ 189908, US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC.

Smith, S.K., Steadman, G.W., Minton, T.D. and Townsend, M. (1999), Criminal Victimization and Perceptions of Community Safety in 12 Cities, 1998, Monograph NCJ 173940, US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Washington, DC.

Sorenson, S.B. and Shen, H. (1996), “Homicide risk among immigrants in California, 1970 through 1992”, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 86, pp. 97‐100.

Turbiville, G.H. (1999), “US‐Mexican border security: civil‐military cooperation”, Military Review, Vol. 79 No. 4, pp. 29‐39.

Turbiville, G.H. (2000), “Mexico's multimission force for international security”, Military Review, Vol. 80 No. 4, pp. 41‐9.

Turbiville, G.H. (2001), “Mexico's evolving security posture”, Military Review, Vol. 80 No. 3, pp. 39‐46.

Urbalejo, R. (2003), “Reforming the police system under the Fox government”, Crime, Law, & Social Change, Vol. 40, pp. 37‐41.

Vargas, E.L.P. (2002), “The police in Mexico: political functions and needed reforms”, in Bailey, J. and Chabat, J. (Eds), Transnational Crime and Public Security: Challenges to Mexico and the United States, Center for US‐Mexican Studies, La Jolla, CA, pp. 109‐35.

Walker, S. (1997), “Complaints against the police: a focus group study of citizen perceptions, goals, and expectations”, Criminal Justice Review, Vol. 22, pp. 207‐26.

Weitzer, R. (2000), “White, black, or blue cops? Race and citizen assessments of police officers”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 28, pp. 313‐24.

Weitzer, R. and Tuch, S.A. (2005), “Racially biased policing: determinants of citizen perceptions”, Social Forces, Vol. 83, pp. 1009‐30.

White, M.F. and Menke, B.A. (1982), “On assessing the mood of the public towards the police: some conceptual issues”, Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 10, pp. 211‐30.

Wilkinson, W.V. and Malagon, E. (1995), “Structure, training, and education in policing”, CJ: The Americas, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 1‐22.

Worrall, J.L. (1999), “Public perceptions of police efficacy and image: the ‘fuzziness' of support for the police”, American Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 24, pp. 47‐66.