Psychopathy and nonverbal indicators of deception in offenders.

Akehurst, L., & Vrij, A. (1999). Creating suspects in police interviews. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 192–210.

Brinkley, C. A., Bernstein, A., & Newman, J. P. (1999). Coherence in the narratives of psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal offenders. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 519–530.

Brinkley, C. A., Newman, J. P., Harpur, T. J., & Johnson, M. M. (1999). Cohesion in texts produced by psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal inmates. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 873–885.

Bond, C. F., Omar, A., Mahmoud, A., & Bonser, R. N. (1990). Lie detection across cultures. Journal of Nonverbal Behaivor, 14, 969–977.

Buller, D. B., Burgoon, J. K., Busling, A. L., & Roiger, J. F. (1994). Interpersonal deception: VII. Further analysis of nonverbal and verbal correlates of equivocation from the Bavelas et al. (1990) research. Journal of Language of Social Psychology, 13, 396–417.

Chiba, H. (1985). Analysis of controlling facial expression when experiencing negative affect on an anatomical basis. Journal of Human Development, 21, 22–29.

Cicchetti, D. V., & Sparrow, S. A. (1981). Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: Applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 127–137.

Clark, C. R. (1997). Sociopathy, malingering, and defensiveness. In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (2nd ed., pp. 68-84). New York: Guilford.

Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Cooke, D. J., & Michie, C. (2001). Refining the construct of psychopathy: Towards a hierarchical model. Psychological Assessment, 13, 171–188.

DePaulo, B. M., Kashy, D. A., Kirkendol, S. E., Wyer, M. M., & Epstein, J. A. (1996). Lying in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 979–995.

DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H. (2003). Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 74–118.

Edens, J. F., Buffington, J. K., & Tomicic, T. L. (2000). An investigation of the relationship between psychopathic traits and malingering on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory. Assessment, 7, 281–296.

Ekman, P. (1992). Telling lies: Clues to deceit in the marketplace, politics, and marriage. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

Ekman, P. (1999). Emotional and conversational nonverbal signals. In L. S. Messing & R. Campbell (Eds.), Gesture, speech and sign (pp. 45–56). New York: Oxford University Press.

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Nonverbal leakage and clues to deception. Psychiatry, 32, 88–106.

Feeley, T. H., & deTurck, M. A. (1998). The behavioral correlates of sanctioned and unsanctioned deceptive communication. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 22, 189–204.

Fiedler, K., & Walka, I. (1993). Training lie detectors to use nonverbal cues instead of global heuristics. Human Communication Research, 20, 199–223.

Fukuda, K. (2001). Eye blinks: New indices for the detection of deception. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 40, 239–245.

Fulero, S. M. (1995). Review of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist -- Revised. In J. C. Conoley & J. C. Impara (Eds.), Twelfth measurements yearbook (pp. 453–454). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute.

Gacono, C. B., Meloy, J. R., Sheppard, K., Speth, E., & Roske, A. (1995). A clinical investigation of malingering and psychopathy in hospitalized insanity aquittees. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 23, 387–397.

Gillstrom, B. J., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Language-related hand gestures in psychopaths. Journal of Personality Disorders, 2, 21–27.

Goldman-Eisler, F. (1968). Psycholinguistics: Experiments in spontaneous speech. New York: Doubleday.

Granhag, P. A., & Stromwall, L. A. (2004). The detection of deception in forensic contexts. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hare, R. D. (1991). Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist -- Revised. Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems.

Hare, R. D. (1993). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Hare, R. D. (2003). Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised. (2nd Ed.). Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems.

Hare, R. D., Forth, A. E., & Hart, S. D. (1989). The psychopath as prototype for pathological lying and deception. In J. C. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp. 25–49). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Harris, R. J. (1985). A primer of multivariate statistics (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press.

Inbau, R. E., Reid, J. E., Buckley, J. P., & Jayne, B. C. (2001). Criminal interrogations and confessions. (4th Ed.) Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publications.

Kashy, D. A., & DePaulo, B. M. (1996). Who lies? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1037–1051.

Kassin, S. M., Meissner, C. A., & Norwick, R. J. (2005). ``I’d know a false confession if I saw one'': A comparative study of college students and police investigators. Law and Human Behavior, 29, 211–227.

Kropp, P. R., & Rogers, R. (1993). Understanding malingering: Motivation, method, and detection. In M. Lewis & C. Saarni (Eds.), Lying and deception in everyday life (pp. 201–216). New York: Guilford Press.

Louth, S. M., Williamson, S., Alpert, M., Pouget, E. R., and Hare, R. D. (1998). Acoustic distinctions in the speech of male psychopaths. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 27, 375–384.

Mann, S., Vrij, A., & Bull, R. (2002). Suspects, lies, and videotapes: An analysis of authentic high-stakes liars. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 365–376.

Masip, J., Sporer, S. L., Garrido, E., & Herrero, C. (2005). The detection of deception with the reality monitoring approach: A review of the empirical evidence. Psychology Crime and Law, 11, 99–122.

O’Hair, H. D., Cody, M., & McLaughlin, M. L. (1981). Prepared lies, spontaneous lies, Machiavellianism, and nonverbal communication. Human Communication Research, 7, 325–339.

Omori, Y., & Miyata, Y. (2001). Estimates of impression based on frequency of blinking. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 29, 159–168.

Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 82–92.

Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (1989). Psychopathy, threat, and polygraph test accuracy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 347–355.

Porter, S., & Woodworth, M. (in press). “I’m sorry I did it … but he started it”: A comparison of the official and self-reported homicide descriptions of psychopaths and non-psychopaths. Law and Human Behavior.

Poythress, N. G., Edens, J. F., & Watkins, M. M. (2001). The relationship between psychopathic personality features and malingering symptoms of major mental illness. Law and Human Behavior, 25, 567– 582.

Raskin, D. C., & Hare, R. D. (1978). Psychopathy and detection of deception in a prison population. Psychophysiology, 15, 126–136.

Rimé, B., Bouvy, H., Leborgne, B., & Rouillon, F. (1978). Psychopathy and nonverbal behavior in an interpersonal situation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 636–643.

Rogers, R. & Cruise, K. R. (2000). Malingering and deception among psychopaths. In C. B. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner’s guide. (pp. 269–284). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Seto, M. C., Khattar, N. A., Lalumiere, M. L., & Quinsey, V. L. (1997). Deception and sexual strategy in psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 301–307.

Stone, G. L. (1995). Review of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist -- Revised. In J. C. Conoley & J. C. Impara (Eds.), Twelfth measurements yearbook (pp. 454–455). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute.

Vrij, A. (1995). Behavioral correlates of deception in a simulated police interview. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 129, 15–29.

Vrij, A. (2000). Detecting lies and deceit: The psychology of lying and the implications for professional practice. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Vrij, A. (2005). Criteria-Based Content Analysis: A qualitative review of the first 37 studies. Psychology Public Policy and Law, 11, 3–41.

Vrij, A., & Heaven, S. (1999). Vocal and verbal indicators of deception as a function of lie complexity. Psychology Crime and Law, 5, 203–215.

Vrij, A., & Mann, S. (2001). Telling and detecting lies in a high-stake situation: The case of a convicted murderer. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 187–203.

Vrij, A., & Mann, S. (2005). Police use of nonverbal behavior as indicators of deception. In R. E. Riggio & R. S. Feldman (Eds.), Applications of nonverbal communication (pp. 63–94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Vrij, A., & Winkel, F. W. (1991). Cultural patterns in Dutch and Surinam nonverbal behavior: An analysis of simulated police/citizen encounters. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 15, 169–184.

Woodworth, M., & Porter, S. (2002). In cold blood: Characteristics of criminal homicides as a function of psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 436–445.

Zuckerman, M., & Driver, R. E. (1985). Telling lies: Verbal and nonverbal correlates of deception. In A. W. Seigman & S. Geldstein (Eds.), Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior (pp. 129–149). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.