Psychological Determinants of Paying Attention to Eco-Labels in Purchase Decisions: Model Development and Multinational Validation

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bech-Larsen, T. (1996). Danish consumers' attitudes to the functional and environmental characteristics of food packaging. Journal of Consumer Policy, 19, 339-363.

Bekholm, M., & Sejersen, B. (1997). Mærkeanvendelse og associationer. Personlig omnibus 44. Udarbejdet for Forbrugerstyrelsen. Tabel-og kommentarrapport. (Use of and associations provided by labels). København: AIM Nielsen.

Berger, I. E., & Corbin, R. M. (1992). Perceived consumer effectiveness and faith in others as moderators of environmentally responsible behaviors. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 11, 79-89.

Berger, I. E., Ratchford, B. T., & Haines, G. H., Jr. (1994). Subjective product knowledge as a moderator of the relationship between attitudes and purchase intentions for a durable product. Journal of Economic Psychology, 15, 301-314.

Biel, A., & Dahlstrand, U. (1998). Habits and the establishment of ecological purchase behavior. Gothenburg: Göteborg University, Department of Psychology.

Buchtele, F., & Holzmuller, H. H. (1990). Die Bedeutung der Umweltvertraglichkeit von Produkten für die Kaufpräferenz. Jahrbuch der Absatz-und Verbrauchsforschung, 36(1), 86-103.

Celsi, R. L., & Olson, J. C. (1988). The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 210-224.

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Eden, S. (1994/95). Business, trust and environmental information: Perceptions from consumer and retailers. Business Strategy and the Environment, 3(4), 1-7.

Ellen, P. S., Wiener, J. L., & Cobb-Walgren, C. (1991). The role of perceived consumer effectiveness in motivating environmentally conscious behaviors. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 10, 102-117.

Enger, A. (1998). Miljøargumentasjon i markedsføring (Environmental arguments in marketing). Lysaker (Norway): National Institute for Consumer Research. SIFO Rapport nr. 1 1998.

Enger, A., & Lavik, R. (1995). Eco-labelling in Norway: Consumer knowledge and attitudes. In: E. Stø (Ed.), Sustainable consumption-Report from the International Conference on Sustainable Consumption, pp. 479-502. Lysaker (Norway): National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO).

EPA (1998). Environmental labeling issues, policies, and practices worldwide. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Eurostat et al. (1995). Europe's environment: Statistical compendium for the Dobris assessment. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Fazio, R. H. (1986). How do attitudes guide behavior? In: R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior, pp. 204-243. New York: Guilford Press.

Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23), pp. 75-109. New York: Academic Press.

Forbrugerstyrelsen (1993). Mærkning rettet til forbrugerne (Labeling directed at consumers). Copenhagen: The Ministry of Trade and Industry.

Geyer-Allély, E., & Eppel, J. (1997). Consumption and production patterns: Making the change. In: Sustainable Development: OECD Policy Approaches for the 21st century. Prepared by the OECD Task Force on Sustainable Development. Paris: OECD.

Grunert, S. C., & Juhl, H. J. (1995). Values, environmental attitudes, and buying of organic foods. Journal of Economic Psychology, 16, 39-62.

Guagnano, G. A., Stern, P. C., & Dietz, T. (1995). Influences on attitude-behavior relationships. A natural experiment with curbside recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27, 699-718.

Hansen, U., & Kull, S. (1994). Öko-Label als umweltbezogenes Informationsinstrument: Begründungszusammenhänge und Interessen. Marketing, 4, 265-273.

Heiskanen, E., Kärnä, A., Niva, M., Timonen, P., Rosenschöld, E. M., Pripp, L., & Thidell, Å. (1998). Environmental improvement in product chains. Copenhagen: Nordic Council/Nordic Council of Ministers. TemaNord 1998: 546.

Herr, P. M., & Fazio, R. H. (1993). The attitude-to-behavior process: Implications for consumer behavior. In: A. A. Mitchell (Ed.), Advertising exposure, memory, and choice. Advertising and consumer psychology, pp. 119-140. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Jacoby, J. (1984). Perspectives on information overload. Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 569-573.

Jöreskog, K. G., Sörbom, D., de Toit, S., & de Toit, M. (1999). LISREL8: New statistical features. Chicago: Scientific Software International.

Kinnear, T., Taylor, J. R., & Ahmed, S. (1974). Ecologically concerned consumers: Who are they? Journal of Marketing, 38(2), 20-24.

Kokkinaki, F. (1997). Involvement as a determinant of the process through which attitudes guide behaviour. In: Proceedings from the IAREP XXII Conference, pp. 52-67. Valencia, Spain: Corpas, C.B.

Konsumentverket (1995/96). The consumer and the environment: Results of a survey into awareness of the environment amongst Swedish consumers. Stockholm: The Swedish Consumer Agency. Report 1995/96:54.

Konsumentverket (1998). Allmänhetens kunskaper, attityder och agerande i miljøfrågor (Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour with regard to the environment). Stockholm: The Swedish Consumer Agency. Rapport 1998:7.

Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing management. Analysis, planning, implementation, and control (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Kuhre, W. L. (1997). ISO 14020s: Environmental labelling-marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall PTR.

Lindberg, K.-E. (1998). Nordisk omnibus svanemerket. Utarbeidet for Nordisk Miljömärkning. Tabelrapport (A report on the Nordic Swan). Oslo: Markeds-og Mediainstituttet.

MacKenzie, D. (1991). The rise of the green consumer. Consumer Policy Review, 1(2), 68-75.

Mayer, R. W., & Gray-Lee, J. (1995). Environmental marketing claims in the U.S.A.: Trends since issurance of the FTC guides. In: E. Stø (Ed.), Sustainable Consumption-Report from the International Conference on Sustainable Consumption, pp. 407-426. Lysaker (Norway): National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO).

Miljø-og Energiministeriet (1995). Natur-og miljøpolitisk redegørelse 1995 (Nature and environment in Denmark). Copenhagen: The Ministry of Environment and Energy.

Miljøstyrelsen (1996). En styrket produktorienteret miljøindsats. Et debatoplæg (Strengthening the environment by improving products. A discussion paper). Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

Morris, L. A., Hastak, M., & Mazis, M. B. (1995). Consumer comprehension of environmental advertising and labeling claims. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 29, 328-350.

Naturvårdsverket (1997). En studie ar hur olika styrmedel påverkat skogsindustrin. (A study of the impact of different means of regulating on the forest industry). Stockholm: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Rapport 4724.

Nilsson, O. S., Nissen, N. P., Thøgersen, J., & Vilby, K. (1999). Rapport fra “forbrugergruppen” under Erhvervsministeriets mærkningsudvalg (A report from the consumer study group to the Labels Committee). In: Mærkningsudvalgets redegørelse, pp. 152-199. Copenhagen: The Ministry of Trade and Industry, The Consumer Agency.

Norwegian Ministry of Environment (1994a). Summary of issues raised at the symposium on sustainable consumption. In: Symposium: Sustainable consumption. 19-20 January 1994, Oslo, Norway, pp. 22-25. Oslo: The Norwegian Ministry of Environment.

Norwegian Ministry of Environment (1994b). Symposium: Sustainable consumption. 19-20 January 1994, Oslo, Norway. Oslo: The Norwegian Ministry of Environment.

OECD (1991). Environmental labelling in OECD countries. Paris: OECD.

OECD (1997). Sustainable consumption and production. Paris: OECD.

Ölander, F., & Thøgersen, J. (1995). Understanding of consumer behaviour as a prerequisite for environmental protection. Journal of Consumer Policy, 18, 317-357.

Palm, L., & Windahl, S. (1998). How Swedish consumers interpret and use environmental information: A study of quantitative environmental product declarations. Stockholm: The Swedish Consumer Agency. Report No. 1998:28.

Peattie, K. (1995). Environmental marketing management: Meeting the green challenge. London: Pitman Publishing.

Peter, J. P., Olson, J. C., & Grunert, K. G. (1999), Consumer behaviour and marketing strategy. European edition. London: McGraw Hill.

Petty, R. E., & Krosnick, J. A. (Eds.) (1995). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Pieters, R. G. M. (1991). Changing garbage disposal patterns of consumers: Motivation, ability, and performance. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 10, 59-76.

Regeringskansliet (1999). Märk Väl! Betänkande av Utredningen gällande konsumentinformation om dagligvaror (White Paper on how to provide consumers with information about non-durable goods). Stockholm: Swedish Government Official Reports 1999:7.

Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R., & Fazio, R. H. (1992). On the orienting value of attitudes: Attitude accessibility as a determinant of an object's attraction of visual attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 198-211.

Scammon, D., & Mayer, R. N. (1993). Environmental labelling and advertising claims: International action and policy issues. In: European advances in consumer research, Vol. 1, pp. 338-344. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.

Schlegelmilch, B. B., Bohlen, G. M., & Diamantopoulos, A. (1996). The link between green purchasing decisions and measures of environmental consciousness. European Journal of Marketing, 30(5), 35-55.

Sitarz, D. (Ed.) (1994). Agenda 21: The earth summit strategy to save our planet. Boulder: Earth Press.

Sparks, P., & Shepherd, R. (1992). Self-identity and the theory of planned behavior: Assessing the role of identification with “green consumerism”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 388-399.

Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A valuebelief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 6, 81-97.

Thøgersen, J. (1996). The demand for environmentally friendly packaging in Germany. Aarhus: The Aarhus School of Business, Department of Marketing. MAPP Working Paper 30.

Thøgersen, J. (1998a). The norm-attitude-behavior relationship. Theory and applications in the environmental domain. Aarhus: The Aarhus School of Business, Department of Marketing. Working Paper 98-3.

Thøgersen, J. (1998b). Understanding behaviours with mixed motives. An application of a modified theory of reasoned action on consumer purchase of organic food products. Aarhus: The Aarhus School of Business, Department of Marketing. Working Paper 98-2.

Thøgersen, J. (1999). The ethical consumer. Moral norms and packaging choice. Journal of Consumer Policy, 22, 439-460.

Thøgersen, J., & Andersen, A. K. (1996). Environmentally friendly consumer behavior: The interplay of moral attitudes, private costs, and facilitating conditions. In: R. P. Hill & C. R. Taylor (Eds.), Marketing and Public Policy Conference Proceedings, Vol. 6, pp. 80-96. Chicago: American Marketing Association.

Tufte, P. A., & Lavik, R. (1997). Helse-og miljøinformasjon. Forbrukernes behov for informasjon om skadelige stoffer i produkter (Information about health and environment. Consumers' need for information on dangerous substances in products). Lysaker (Norway): Statens Institutt for Forbruksforskning (SIFO). Rapport 4-1997.

Verplanken, B., & Weenig, M. W. H. (1993). Graphical energy labels and consumers' decisions about home appliances: A process tracing approach. Journal of Economic Psychology, 14, 739-752.

Witherspoon, S., & Mohler, P. P. (1995). Research into environmental attitudes and perceptions. Final report. Mannheim: Compass c/o Zuma.