Proton beam therapy delivered using pencil beam scanning vs. passive scattering/uniform scanning for localized prostate cancer: Comparative toxicity analysis of PCG 001-09

American Society of Radiation Oncology. http://www.choosingwisely.org/clinician-lists/american-society-radiation-oncology-proton-beam-therapy/ [accessed October 5 2018]. Mishra, 2017, Establishing evidence-based indications for proton therapy: an overview of current clinical trials, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 97, 228, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.045 Langen, 2018, Concepts of PTV and robustness in passively scattered and pencil beam scanning proton therapy, Semin Radiat Oncol, 28, 248, 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.02.009 Mouw, 2013, Clinical controversies: proton therapy for prostate cancer, Semin Radiat Oncol, 23, 109, 10.1016/j.semradonc.2012.11.009 Trofimov, 2007, Radiotherapy treatment of early-stage prostate cancer with IMRT and protons: a treatment planning comparison, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 69, 444, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.03.018 Yegya-Raman, 2018, Advanced radiation techniques for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy, J Thorac Dis, 10, S2474, 10.21037/jtd.2018.07.29 Zelefsky, 2008, Incidence of late rectal and urinary toxicities after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 70, 1124, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.11.044 Michalski, 2013, Preliminary toxicity analysis of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy versus intensity modulated radiation therapy on the high-dose arm of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0126 prostate cancer trial, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 87, 932, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.07.041 Kim, 2011, Late gastrointestinal toxicities following radiation therapy for prostate cancer, Eur Urol, 60, 908, 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.052 Liu, 2012, Robust optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy, Med Phys, 39, 1079, 10.1118/1.3679340 Giantsoudi, 2018, Can differences in linear energy transfer and thus relative biological effectiveness compromise the dosimetric advantage of intensity-modulated proton therapy as compared to passively scattered proton therapy?, Acta Oncol, 1–6 Michaelidesova, 2017, Relative biological effectiveness in a proton spread-out Bragg peak formed by pencil beam scanning mode, Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 40, 359, 10.1007/s13246-017-0540-8 Gridley, 2015, Biological effects of passive versus active scanning proton beams on human lung epithelial cells, Technol Cancer Res Treat, 14, 81, 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500392 Grassberger, 2017, Varying relative biological effectiveness in proton therapy: knowledge gaps versus clinical significance, Acta Oncol, 56, 761, 10.1080/0284186X.2017.1316516 Wedenberg, 2013, A model for the relative biological effectiveness of protons: the tissue specific parameter alpha/beta of photons is a predictor for the sensitivity to LET changes, Acta Oncol, 52, 580, 10.3109/0284186X.2012.705892 Tran, 2017, Characterization of proton pencil beam scanning and passive beam using a high spatial resolution solid-state microdosimeter, Med Phys, 44, 6085, 10.1002/mp.12563 Unkelbach, 2016, Reoptimization of intensity modulated proton therapy plans based on linear energy transfer, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 96, 1097, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.08.038 Paganetti, 2019 Comparing Radiation Treatments for Localized Prostate Cancer. https://www.pcori.org/research-results/2017/comparing-radiation-treatments-localized-prostate-cancer [accessed March 11, 2019].