Protein kinase structure, expression and regulation in maize drought signaling

Molecular Breeding - Tập 34 - Trang 583-602 - 2014
Kaifa Wei1, Yanmei Wang2, Xiaojun Zhong1, Si Pan1
1School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
2Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MOE Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Tóm tắt

Plants respond to survive under water deficit conditions via turning on or off a series of genes that further alter plant physiology and morphology, which allows a plant to tolerate, escape or avoid drought stress. These gene products are either functional (such as aquaporins and the enzymes of osmoprotectant biosynthesis) or regulatory (such as protein kinases). In order to investigate the role of maize protein kinases (PKs) in drought signal transduction pathways, genome-wide profiling and analyses of three major families of protein kinases, RLKs, CDPK-SnRKs and MAPKs, were carried out. Our selection pressure analysis found evidence for positive selection in 24 % of the ZmRLK genes, but sites under selection were predominantly located in the extracellular region. Phylogenetic analysis of CDPK-SnRKs revealed considerable conservation in protein sequences across five types—CDPKs, CRKs, PPCKs, PEPRKs and SnRKs. 19 MAPKs, 18 MAPKKs, 84 MAP3Ks and 9 MAP4Ks were identified, and the potential MAPK signaling cascades were proposed. Some PK genes based on transcriptome analysis including microarray, RNA-sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed drought-induced expression. Protein structure, subcellular location and gene expression of putative ABA receptors were analyzed to provide novel molecular insights into maize drought signaling. The drought stress signal transduction pathway was first evaluated and characterized in this study. To understand microRNA (miRNA) involvement in maize drought stress response and resistance, signaling pathway-associated miRNAs and potential miRNA-target pairs were predicted. Furthermore, real-time quantification of miRNAs by stem-loop qRT-PCR demonstrated that nine miRNAs might function as positive or negative regulators in drought stress signal transduction, and these miRNAs can be used as biomarker and regulatory target in genetic analysis and improvement of drought resistance in maize. These efforts can broaden the understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of resistance to drought in maize and facilitate the creation of cultivars with increased drought tolerance.

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