Protective effect of protocatechuic acid against inflammatory stress induced in human dermal fibroblasts

Darby IA, Hewitson TD. Fibroblast differentiation in wound healing and fibrosis. Int Rev Cytol. 2007;257:143–79.

Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V, Lawson B, Antoniadi G, Stefanidis I, Galaktidou G. Lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia significantly alters interleukin-8 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 production by human fibroblasts but not fibrosis related factors. Hippokratia. 2011;15:238–43.

Eyre DR. Collagen: molecular diversity in the body’s protein scaffold. Science. 1980;207:1315–22.

Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Giampieri F, Afrin S, Mezzetti B, Quiles JL, et al. Protective effect of strawberry extract against inflammatory stress induced in human dermal fibroblasts. Molecules. 2017; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010164 .

Hancock RE, Diamond G. The role of cationic antimicrobial peptides in innate host defences. Trends Microbiol. 2000;8:402–10.

Jordana M, Särnstrand B, Sime PJ, Ramis I. Immune-inflammatory functions of fibroblasts. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:2212–22.

Kakkar S, Bais S. A review on protocatechuic acid and its pharmacological potential. ISRN Pharmacol. 2014; https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/952943 .

Khan AK, Rashid R, Fatima N, Mahmood S, Mir S, Khan S, Jabeen N, Murtaza G. Pharmacological activities of protocatechuic acid. Acta Pol Pharm. 2015;72:643–50.

Kim CO, Huh AJ, Han SH, Kim JM. Analysis of cellular senescence induced by lipopolysaccharide in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54:e35–41.

Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. Fibrogenesis of parenchymal organs. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:338–42.

Majno G, Gabbiani G, Hirschel BJ, Ryan GB, Statkov PR. Contraction of granulation tissue in vitro: similarity to smooth muscle. Science. 1971;173:548–50.

Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:727–47.

Nikaido H. Outer membrane barrier as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989;33:1831–6.

Papo N, Shai Y. A molecular mechanism for lipopolysaccharide protection of gram-negative bacteria from antimicrobial peptides. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:10378–87.

Piazzon A, Vrhovsek U, Masuero D, Mattivi F, Mandoj F, Nardini M. Antioxidant activity of phenolic acids and their metabolites: synthesis and antioxidant properties of the sulfate derivatives of ferulic and caffeic acids and of the acyl glucuronide of ferulic acid. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60:12312–23.

Rosenfeld Y, Shai Y. Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin)-host defense antibacterial peptides interactions: role in bacterial resistance and prevention of sepsis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758:1513–22.

Semaming Y, Pannengpetch P, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Pharmacological properties of protocatechuic acid and its potential roles as complementary medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/593902 .

Tardif F, Ross G, Rouabhia M. Gingival and dermal fibroblasts produce interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme and interleukin-1 beta but not interleukin-18 even after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. J Cell Physiol. 2004;198:125–32.

Tracy LE, Minasian RA, Caterson EJ. Extracellular matrix and dermal fibroblast function in the healing wound. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2016;5:119–36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989578

Tsao R. Chemistry and biochemistry of dietary polyphenols. Nutrients. 2010;2:1231–46.

Wheater MA, Falvo J, Ruiz F, Byars M. Chlorhexidine, ethanol, lipopolysaccharide and nicotine do not enhance the cytotoxicity of a calcium hydroxide pulp capping material. Int Endod J. 2012;45:989–95.