Protection against concanavalin A–induced hepatocyte apoptosis by molsidomine is time-dependent

Ando, 1993, Mechanisms of class I restricted immunopathology. A transgenic mouse model of fulminant hepatitis, J Exp Med, 178, 1541, 10.1084/jem.178.5.1541 Diepolder, 1995, Possible mechanism involving T-lymphocyte response to non-structural protein 3 in viral clearance in acute hepatitis C virus infection, Lancet, 346, 1006, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91691-1 Heneghan, 2002, Current and novel immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune hepatitis, Hepatology, 35, 7, 10.1053/jhep.2002.30991 Kita, 2001, The lymphoid liver, Gastroenterology, 120, 1485, 10.1053/gast.2001.22441 Gantner, 1995, Concanavalin A-induced T-cell-mediated hepatic injury in mice, Hepatology, 21, 190, 10.1002/hep.1840210131 Kusters, 1996, Interferon gamma plays a critical role in T cell-dependent liver injury in mice initiated by concanavalin A, Gastroenterology, 111, 462, 10.1053/gast.1996.v111.pm8690213 Seino, 1997, Contribution of Fas ligand to T cell-mediated hepatic injury in mice, Gastroenterology, 113, 1315, 10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9322527 Yin, 2000, Bid, a critical mediator for apoptosis induced by the activation of Fas/TNF-R1 death receptors in hepatocytes, J Mol Med, 78, 203, 10.1007/s001090000099 Li, 1997, Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of apoptosis activating factor-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade, Cell, 91, 479, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80434-1 Zheng LA, Li JH, Kluger MS, et al. Interferon-gamma augments CD95(APO-1/Fas) and pro-caspase-8 expression and sensitizes human vascular endothelial cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis. Am J Pathol 2002;161:1485–1495 Nathan, 1992, Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells, FASEB J, 6, 3051, 10.1096/fasebj.6.12.1381691 Hierholzer, 1998, Essential role of induced nitric oxide in the initiation of the inflammatory response after hemorrhagic shock, J Exp Med, 187, 917, 10.1084/jem.187.6.917 Menezes, 1999, A novel nitric oxide scavenger decreases liver injury and improves survival after hemorrhagic shock, Am J Physiol, 277, G144 Isobe, 1999, Beneficial effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on reperfusion injury in the pig liver, Transplantation, 68, 803, 10.1097/00007890-199909270-00013 Thiemermann, 1995, The multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by endotoxin in the rat, Br J Pharmacol, 116, 2845, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15935.x Sass, 2001, Inducible nitric oxide synthase is critical for immune-mediated liver injury in mice, J Clin Invest, 107, 439, 10.1172/JCI10613 Morikawa, 1999, Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model, Infect Immun, 67, 1018, 10.1128/IAI.67.3.1018-1024.1999 Bohlinger, 1995, Interleukin-1 and nitric oxide protect against tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced liver injury through distinct pathways, Hepatology, 22, 1829 Fiorucci, 2000, NO-aspirin protects from T cell-mediated liver injury by inhibiting caspase-dependent processing of Th1-like cytokines, Gastroenterology, 18, 404, 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70223-X Ou, 1997, Differential effects of nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and selective inducible NOS inhibition on hepatic necrosis, apoptosis, ICAM-1 expression, and neutrophil accumulation during endotoxemia, Nitric Oxide, 1, 404, 10.1006/niox.1997.0136 Saavedra, 1997, Targeting nitric oxide (NO) delivery in vivo. Design of a liver-selective NO donor prodrug that blocks tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis and toxicity in the liver, J Med Chem, 40, 1947, 10.1021/jm9701031 Mojena, 2001, Protection by nitric oxide against liver inflammatory injury in animals carrying a nitric oxide synthase-2 transgene, FASEB J, 15, 583, 10.1096/fj.00-0509fje Kim, 2000, Nitric oxide prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced rat hepatocyte apoptosis by the interruption of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling through S-nitrosylation of caspase-8, Hepatology, 32, 770, 10.1053/jhep.2000.18291 Li, 1997, Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 240, 419, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7672 Mannick, 1999, Fas-induced caspase denitrosylation, Science, 284, 651, 10.1126/science.284.5414.651 Torok, 2002, Nitric oxide inhibits apoptosis downstream of cytochrome C release by nitrosylating caspase 9, Cancer Res, 62, 1648 Rossig, 1999, Nitric oxide inhibits caspase-3 by S-nitrosylation in vivo, J Biol Chem, 274, 6823, 10.1074/jbc.274.11.6823 Kim, 2001, Give me iNOS or give me death, Hepatology, 34, 436, 10.1053/jhep.2001.0340436 Melino, 1997, S-nitrosylation regulates apoptosis, Nature, 388, 432, 10.1038/41237 Bursch, 1990, Determination of the length of the histological stages of apoptosis in normal liver and in altered hepatic foci of rats, Carcinogenesis, 11, 847, 10.1093/carcin/11.5.847 Rosenkranz, 1996, Clinical pharmacokinetics of molsidomine, Clin Pharmacokinet, 30, 372, 10.2165/00003088-199630050-00004 Kumins, 1997, Molsidomine increases endotoxic survival and decreases cytokine production, Shock, 7, 200, 10.1097/00024382-199703000-00008 Moazzam, 2002, Endotoxin potentiates hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis, J Am Coll Surg, 194, 731, 10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01173-0 Mizuhara, 1998, Strain difference in the induction of T-cell activation-associated, interferon gamma-dependent hepatic injury in mice, Hepatology, 27, 513, 10.1002/hep.510270227