Protecting the elderly and children in times of crisis: An analysis based on National Transfer Accounts

Abio, 2015, Taking care of our elderly and our children. towards a balanced welfare state, 57 Albertini, 2016 Andreoni, 1990, Impure altruism and donations to public goods: a theory of warm-glow giving, Econ. J., 100, 464, 10.2307/2234133 Arneson, 2014, What do we owe to poor families?, Law Ethics Philos., 2, 7 Arrondel, 2006, Altruism, exchange or indirect reciprocity: What do the data on family transfers show?, 2, 971, 10.1016/S1574-0714(06)02014-8 Bénabou, 2006, Incentives and prosocial behavior, Am. Econ. Rev., 96, 1652, 10.1257/aer.96.5.1652 Coder, 1989, Inequality among children and elderly in ten modern nations: the United States in an international context, Am. Econ. Rev., 79, 320 Deaton, 2012, The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans: 2011 OEP Hicks Lecture, Oxford Econ Papers, 64, 1, 10.1093/oep/gpr051 EAPN (2015) El Estado de la pobreza. Seguimiento del indicador de riesgo de pobreza y exclusión social en España, 2009-2014. EC (2015) The 2015 Ageing Report. European Commission, European Economy 8/2014. EC (2015) The 2015 Pension Adequacy Report, The Social Protection Committee and the European Commission. Esping-Andersen, 1990 Esping-Andersen, 2002 Esping-Andersen, 2002, The generational conflict reconsidered, J. Eur. Social Policy, 12, 5, 10.1177/0952872002012001560 Fehr, 1999, A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation, Quart. J. Econ., 114, 817, 10.1162/003355399556151 Folbre, 1994, Children as public goods, 86 Fuchs, 1992, America’s children: economic perspectives and policy options, Science, 255, 41, 10.1126/science.1553531 Gal, 2017, Pro-elderly welfare states within child-oriented societies, J. Eur. Public Policy, 25, 944, 10.1080/13501763.2017.1401112 Grob, 2007, Demographic change and public education spending: a conflict between young and old?, Educ. Econ., 15, 277, 10.1080/09645290701273467 Hills, 2013, Winners and losers in the crisis: the changing anatomy of economic inequality in the UK 2007-2010 Isaac, J.B. (2009) Spending on Children and the Elderly, Brookings Issue Brief November 2009, Washington. Kemnitz, 2000, Social security, public education, and growth in a representative democracy, J. Popul. Econ., 13, 443, 10.1007/s001480050146 Keep, 2010, Moving beyond skills as a social and economic panacea, Work Employ Soc., 24, 565, 10.1177/0950017010371663 Kolm, 2006, Introduction to the economics of giving, altruism and reciprocity, vol. 1, 4, 10.1016/S1574-0714(06)01001-3 Konrad, 1995, Social security and strategic Inter-vivos transfers of social capital, J. Popul. Econ., 8, 315, 10.1007/BF00185256 Künemund, 1999, There is more to receiving than needing: theoretical arguments and empirical explorations of crowding in and crowding out, Ageing Soc., 19, 93, 10.1017/S0144686X99007205 Ladd, 2001, Intergenerational conflict reconsidered: county demographic structure and the demand for public education, Econ. Educ. Rev., 20, 343, 10.1016/S0272-7757(00)00058-3 Lee, 1994, The formal demography of population ageing, transfers and the economic life cycle, 8 Levine, 1998, Modeling altruism and spitefulness in experiments, Rev. Econ. Dyn., 1, 593, 10.1006/redy.1998.0023 Mason, 2011, Population aging and the generational economy: key findings Matsaganis, 2014 OECD, 2014, Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators Olsaretti, 2013, Children as public goods?, Philos. Public Aff., 41, 226, 10.1111/papa.12019 Pampel, 1994, Population aging, class context, and age inequality in public spending, Am. J. Sociol., 100, 153, 10.1086/230502 Patxot, 2011, How intergenerational transfers finance the lifecycle deficit in Spain, 241 Patxot, 2012, Measuring the balance of government intervention on forward and backward family transfers using NTA estimates: the modified lee arrows, Int. Tax Public Finance, 19, 442, 10.1007/s10797-012-9220-5 Patxot, 2015, Can we keep the pre-crisis living standards? An analysis based on NTA profiles in Spain, J. Econ. Ageing, 5, 54, 10.1016/j.jeoa.2014.09.002 Pogue, 1977, Social security and investment in human capital, Natl. Tax J., 30, 157, 10.1086/NTJ41862126 Poterba, 1997, Demographic structure and the political economy of public education, J. Policy Anal. Manage., 16, 48, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199724)16:1<48::AID-PAM3>3.0.CO;2-I Preston, 1984, Children and the elderly: Divergent paths for America’s dependents, Demography, 21, 435, 10.2307/2060909 Reinhart, 2009, The aftermath of financial crises, Am. Econ. Rev., 99, 466, 10.1257/aer.99.2.466 Renteria, 2016, The effects of education on the demographic dividend, Popul. Dev. Rev., 42, 651, 10.1111/padr.12017 Romer, 1996, Preferences, promises, and the politics of entitlement, 195 Save the Children, 2014 Save the Children (2016) Child Poverty. What Drives it and What it Means to Children across the World. Somarriba-Arechavala, 2015, The economic crisis and its effects on the quality of life in the European Union, Soc. Indic. Res., 120, 323, 10.1007/s11205-014-0595-9 UN, 2013 UNICEF, 2014 UNICEF, 2014 Vanhuysse, P. (2013) ‘Intergenerational Justice in Aging Societies: A Cross-National Comparison of 29 OECD Countries’, accessed at https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2309278 on April 20, 2018.