Prospective Study of Leptospirosis Transmission in an Urban Slum Community: Role of Poor Environment in Repeated Exposures to the Leptospira Agent
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
AI Ko, 2009, Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen, Nat Rev Microbiol, 7, 736, 10.1038/nrmicro2208
KV Evangelista, 2010, Leptospira as an emerging pathogen: a review of its biology, pathogenesis and host immune responses, Future Microbiol, 5, 1413, 10.2217/fmb.10.102
AJA McBride, 2005, Leptospirosis, Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 18, 376, 10.1097/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c
AI Ko, 1999, Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group, Lancet, 354, 820, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)80012-9
UN-HABITAT (2010) State of the World's Cities 2010/2011: Bridging The Urban Divide. GB. Earthscan.
LW Riley, 2007, Slum health: diseases of neglected populations, BMC Int Health Hum Rights, 7, 2, 10.1186/1472-698X-7-2
EL Gouveia, 2008, Leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome, Salvador, Brazil, Emerg Infect Dis, 14, 505, 10.3201/eid1403.071064
CL Lau, 2010, Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire?, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 104, 631, 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.07.002
RB Reis, 2008, Impact of Environment and Social Gradient on Leptospira Infection in Urban Slums, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2, e228, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000228
MT de Faria, 2008, Carriage of Leptospira interrogans among domestic rats from a high endemic urban setting for leptospirosis in Brazil, Acta Trop, 108, 1, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.07.005
MM Pereira, 2000, A clonal subpopulation of Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto is the major cause of leptospirosis outbreaks in Brazil, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 450, 10.1128/JCM.38.1.450-452.2000
C Barcellos, 2000, Socio-environmental determinants of the leptospirosis outbreak of 1996 in western Rio de Janeiro: a geographical approach, International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 10, 301, 10.1080/0960312002001500
E Kupek, 2000, The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florianopolis, Brazil, 1991–1996, Braz J Infect Dis, 4, 131
M Maskey, 2006, Leptospirosis in Mumbai: post-deluge outbreak 2005, Indian J Med Microbiol, 24, 337, 10.4103/0255-0857.29413
AS Amilasan, 2012, Outbreak of leptospirosis after flood, the Philippines, 2009, Emerg Infect Dis, 18, 91, 10.3201/eid1801.101892
JK Smith, 2012, Leptospirosis following a major flood in Central Queensland, Australia, Epidemiol Infect, 141, 585, 10.1017/S0950268812001021
Health Surveillance Secretary BMoH (2007) [Leptospirosis case notification records, Brazil].
V Souza, 2010, Evaluation of the Brazilian National Epidemiological Surveillance System for Leptospirosis - Brazil, 2007, Cad Saude Col, 18, 115
PC Marotto, 1999, Acute lung injury in leptospirosis: clinical and laboratory features, outcome, and factors associated with mortality, Clin Infect Dis, 29, 1561, 10.1086/313501
DA Ashford, 2000, Asymptomatic infection and risk factors for leptospirosis in Nicaragua, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 63, 249, 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.63.249
P Phraisuwan, 2002, Leptospirosis: skin wounds and control strategies, Thailand, 1999, Emerg Infect Dis, 8, 1455, 10.3201/eid0812.020180
DS Oliveira, 2009, The socio-demographic, environmental and reservoir factors associated with leptospirosis in an urban area of north-eastern Brazil, Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 103, 149, 10.1179/136485909X398221
U Sarkar, 2002, Population-based case-control investigation of risk factors for leptospirosis during an urban epidemic, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 66, 605, 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.605
EAP Maciel, 2008, Household Transmission of Leptospira Infection in Urban Slum Communities, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2, e154, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000154
ER Segura, 2005, Clinical spectrum of pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis in a region of endemicity, with quantification of leptospiral burden, Clin Infect Dis, 40, 343, 10.1086/427110
C Barcellos, 2001, The place behind the case: leptospirosis risks and associated environmental conditions in a flood-related outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Cad Saude Publica, 17, 59, 10.1590/S0102-311X2001000700014
R Lupidi, 1991, Serological follow-up of patients involved in a localized outbreak of leptospirosis, J Clin Microbiol, 29, 805, 10.1128/JCM.29.4.805-809.1991
P Cumberland, 2001, Persistence of anti-leptospiral IgM, IgG and agglutinating antibodies in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in Barbados 1979–1989, Eur J Epidemiol, 17, 601, 10.1023/A:1015509105668
IBGE (2010) Subnormal Agglomerates - First Results. In: Estatística IBdGe, editor. Rio de Janeiro. pp. 1–259.
JP Dias, 2007, Factors associated with Leptospira sp infection in a large urban center in northeastern Brazil, Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 40, 499, 10.1590/S0037-86822007000500002
MG Goris, 2013, Prospective evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human leptospirosis, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 7, e2290, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002290
CG Victora, 1997, The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach, Int J Epidemiol, 26, 224, 10.1093/ije/26.1.224
MA Johnson, 2004, Environmental exposure and leptospirosis, Peru, Emerg Infect Dis, 10, 1016, 10.3201/eid1006.030660
MA Barocchi, 2001, Identification of new repetitive element in Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni and its application to PCR-based differentiation of Leptospira serogroups, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39, 191, 10.1128/JCM.39.1.191-195.2001
Gouveia EL, Metcalfe JMD, de Carvalho ALF, Aires TSF, Villalobos-Bisneto JC, <etal>et al</etal>.. (2008) Leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome, Salvador, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 14: [serial on the Internet]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/3/07-1064_article.htm" xlink:type="simple">http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/3/07-1064_article.htm</ext-link>.
F Costa, 2014, Infections by Leptospira interrogans, Seoul Virus, and Bartonella spp. Among Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the Urban Slum Environment in Brazil, Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 14, 33, 10.1089/vbz.2013.1378
EM Caldas, 1978, Leptospirosis in the city of Salvador (Brazil). Some aspects clinics and of laboratory, Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo, 20, 90
P Vijayachari, 2004, Leptospirosis among schoolchildren of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India: low levels of morbidity and mortality among pre-exposed children during an epidemic, Epidemiol Infect, 132, 1115, 10.1017/S0950268804002948
CO Everard, 1990, Leptospiral infection: a household serosurvey in urban and rural communities in Barbados and Trinidad, Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 84, 255, 10.1080/00034983.1990.11812465
AP Vijayachari, 2004, Leptospirosis among schoolchildren of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India: low levels of morbidity and mortality among pre-exposed children during an epidemic, Epidemiol Infect, 132, 1115, 10.1017/S0950268804002948
A Jansen, 2007, Sex differences in clinical leptospirosis in Germany: 1997–2005, Clin Infect Dis, 44, e69, 10.1086/513431
JE Childs, 1992, Risk factors associated with antibodies to leptospires in inner-city residents of Baltimore: a protective role for cats, Am J Public Health, 82, 597, 10.2105/AJPH.82.4.597
E Daher, 1999, Risk factors for death and changing patterns in leptospirosis acute renal failure, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 61, 630, 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.630
W Navegantes de Araujo, 2013, Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Leptospirosis among urban slum residents in Brazil, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 88, 359, 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0245
CA Ganoza, 2006, Determining risk for severe leptospirosis by molecular analysis of environmental surface waters for pathogenic Leptospira, PLoS Medicine, 3, 1329, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030308
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2003) The challenge of the slums: Global report on human settlements; London and Sterling: Earthscan Publications Ltd. p., editor.