Properties of Steel Slag and Stainless Steel Slag as Cement Replacement Materials: A Comparative Study

Mineral Commodity Summarizes 2015. US Department of Interior. US Geological Survey[EB/OL]. Available Online: https://doi.org/minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2015/mcs2015.pdf

World Steel Association. Crude Steel Production[EB/OL]. Available Online: https://doi.org/www.worldsteel.org/dms/internetDocumentList/statistics–archive/production–archive/steel–archive/steel–monthly/Steel–monthly–2014/document/Steel%20monthly%202014.pdf

Bin Z, Zhao H W, Jianhua Y, et al. C2 Emission Reduction within Chinese Iron & Steel Industry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, 33: 167–178

Trends in Global C2 Emission: 2014 Report[EB/OL]. Available Online: https://doi.org/www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/cms/publicaties/PBL_2014_Trends_in_global_CO2_emisions_2014_1490_0.pdf

Cement Technology Road Map 2009. Carbon Emission Reductions up to 2050. World Business Council for Sustainable Development and International Energy Agency[EB/OL]. Available Online: https://doi.org/www.worldsteel.org/publications/position-papers/Steel-s-contribution-to-alow-carbon-future.html

Qiang W, PeiYu Y, Song H. The Influence of Steel Slag on the Hydration of Cement during the Hydration Process of Complex Binder[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2011, 54(2): 388–394

HuangY, Guoping X, Huigao C, et al. An Overview of Utiization of Steel Slag. The 7th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 16: 791–801

Zhu G, Hao Y, Xia C, et al. Study on Cementitious Properties of Steel Slag[J]. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B–metallurgy, 2013, 49(2): 217–224

Yeong NS, Her YW, Te HS. A Study of Engineering Properties of Cement Mortar with Stainless Steel Oxidizing Slag and Reducing Slag Resource Materials[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 40: 239–245

Mason B. The Constitution of Some Open Heart Slag[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Institute, 1994, 11(1): 69–80

Tossavainen M, Engstrom F, Yang Q, et al. Characteristics of Steel Slag under Different Cooling Conditions[J]. Waste Management, 2007, 27: 1 335–1 344

Muhammad S, Özlem C, Yiannis P, et al. Effect of Curing Temperatures on the Alkali Activation of Crystalline Continuous Casting Stainless Steel Slag[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 71: 308–316

Tang M. An Investigation on Mineral Composition of Steel Slag for Cement Production[R]. Nanjing institute of chemical technology, Nanjing, china, 1973

Hasan A, Mustafa C, Muharrem Y, et al. Concrete Produced by Steel–making Slag (Basic oxygen furnace) Addition in Portland Cement [J]. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2009, 6(6): 736–748

Taylor H. Cement Chemistry[M]. 2st ed. London: Thomas Telford Publishing; Hand book, 1997

Currell BR, et al. The Acceleration and Retardation of Set High Alumina Cement by Additives[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1987, 17(3): 420–432

Mark W, Maciej Z, Mohsen BH, et al. The Role of the Alumina Content of Slag, Plus the Presence of Additional Sulfate on the Hydration and Microstructure of Portland Cement–slag Blends Original[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2014, 66: 91–101

Alexandra Q, Karen LS. Hydration of C3A–gypsum Systems[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2012, 42(7): 1 032–1 041

Craig WH, Ana PK, Paulo JM, et al. Early Age Hydration of Calcium Sulfoaluminate in the Presence of Gypsum and Varying Amounts of Calcium Hydroxide[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2013, 48: 105–115

Kourounis S, Tsivilis S, Tsakiridis PE, et al. Propertiesand Hydration of Blended Cements with Steelmaking Slag[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, 37(6): 815–22

Qiang W, Bo Z, PeiYu Y. The Influence of Steel Slag with High Al2O3 Content on the Initial Hydration of Cement[J]. Science China Technological Science, 2013, 56(12): 3 123–3 128

Wei S, Yunsheng Z, Sifeng L, et al. The Influence of Mineral Admixture on Resistance to Corrosion of Steel Bars of Green High–performance Concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34(10): 1 781–1 785

GB/T 20491–2006. Chinese National Standard Test Method of Steel Slag Used for Cement and Concrete[S].

ASTM C187–11e. Standard test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste[S].

GB175–2007. Chinese National Standard Test Method for Common Portland Cement[S].

ASTM C191–08. Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle[S].

ASTM C1437–15. Standard Test Method for Flow Table of Hydraulic Cement Mortar[S].

GB/T 17671–1999. Chinese National Standard Test Method of Testing Cements–determination of Strength[S].