Prolactinomas

Mary Lee Vance1, Michael O. Thorner1
1From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia

Tài liệu tham khảo

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Short- and-long-term results, prognostic factors, Horm Res, 22, 222, 10.1159/000180098 Chirito, 1972, Prolactin in renal failure [abstract], Clin Res, 20, 423 Ciric, 1983, Transsphenoidal microsurgery of pituitary macro adenomas with long-term follow-up results?, J Neurosurg, 59, 395, 10.3171/jns.1983.59.3.0395 Cooper, 1981, The effect of amoxapine and imipramine on serum prolactin levels?, Arch Intern Med, 141, 1023, 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340080063015 Corrodi, 1973, Effect of ergot drugs on central catecholamine neurons: Evidence for a stimulation of central dopamine neurons [letter], J Pharm Pharmacol, 25, 409, 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1973.tb10037.x Costello, 1936, Subclinical adenoma of the pituitary gland?, Am J Pathol, 12, 205 Coulam, 1979, Pituitary adenoma contraceptives: A case control study?, Fertil Steril, 31, 25, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)43754-4 Crosignani, 1982, Enlargement of a prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma during bromocriptine?, Br J Obstet Gynecol, 89, 169, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1982.tb04688.x Cusisk, 1980, Radiological assessment of intrasellar prolactin-secreting tumors?, Neurosurgery, 6, 376 Davis, 1984, Prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenomas: Inaccuracy of high resolution CT imaging?, Am J Neuroradiology, 5, 721 DeLeo, 1983, Prolactin-lowering effect of amphetamine in normoprolactinemic subjects and in physiological and pathological hyperprolactinemia?, Horm Metab Res, 15, 439, 10.1055/s-2007-1018749 De Schryver, 1980, Prolactin-secreting pituitary ade noma: Observations in irradiated patients?, Acta Radiol Oncol, 19, 169, 10.3109/02841868009130149 Edwards, 1971, Amenorrhea, galactorrhoea and primary hypo thyroidism with high circulating levels of prolactin?, Br Med J, 3, 462, 10.1136/bmj.3.5772.462 Faria, 1982, Transsphenoidal microsurgery for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas?, J Neurosurg, 56, 33, 10.3171/jns.1982.56.1.0033 Fava, 1983, Psychosomatic aspects of hyperprolactinemia?, Psychother Psychosom, 40, 257, 10.1159/000287773 Fearrington, 1983, Hyperprolactinemia-galactorrhea induced by ve rapamil?, Am J Cardiol, 51, 1466, 10.1016/0002-9149(83)90336-3 Ferrari, 1982, Functional characterization of hypothalamic hyperprolactinemia?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 55, 897, 10.1210/jcem-55-5-897 Fluckiger, 1976, Effects of ergot alkaloids on the hypotha lamic-pituitary axis?, Postgrad Med, 52, 57 Franks, 1977, Prevalence and presentation of hyperprolactinemia in patients with “functionless” pituitary tumors?, Lancet, 1, 778, 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)92959-2 Gemzell, 1979, Outcome of pregnancy in women with pituitary adenoma?, Fertil Steril, 31, 363, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)43929-4 Gharib, 1983, Coexistent primary empty sella syndrome and hyperprolactinemia?, Arch Intern Med, 143, 1383, 10.1001/archinte.1983.00350070103017 Gluskin, 1981, Verapamil-induced hyperprolactinemia and galac torrhea?, Ann Intern Med, 95, 66, 10.7326/0003-4819-95-1-66 Goldman, 1984, Case report: Hyperprolactinemia in patient with pseudotumor cerebri?, J Med Soc NJ, 81, 501 Greenspan, 1986, Osteoporosis in men with hyperprolactin emic hypogonadism?, Ann Intern Med, 104, 777, 10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-777 Grisoli, 1980, Prolactin secreting adenoma in 22 men?, Surg Neurol, 13, 241 Grossman, 1984, Treatment of prolactinomas with megavoltage radiotherapy?, Br Med J, 288, 1105, 10.1136/bmj.288.6424.1105 Hagen, 1976, Prolactin and the pituitary-gonadal axis in male uremic patients on regular dialysis?, Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 82, 29, 10.1530/acta.0.0820029 Hardy, 1984, Transsphenoidal microsurgery of prolactinomas, 73 Hardy, 1978, Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: Transsphe noidal microsurgical treatment, 361 Hokfelt, 1972, On the morphology and the neuroendocrine role of the hypothalmic catecholamine neuron, 181 Hull, 1981, Post-pill amenorrhea: A causal study?, Fertil Steril, 36, 472, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45796-1 lodice, 1982, Agreement of prolactin response to cimetidine and nomifensine in patients with prolactin-secreting tumors and idiopathic hyperprolactinemia?, Neuroendocrinology, 35, 333, 10.1159/000123403 Kemmann, 1983, Hyperprolactinemia and headaches?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 145, 668, 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90571-9 Keye, 1979, Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in women?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 134, 360, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33076-9 Kleinberg, 1977, Galactorrhea: A study of 235 cases, including 48 with pituitary tumors?, N Engl J Med, 296, 589, 10.1056/NEJM197703172961103 Klibanski, 1980, Decreased bone density in hyperprolactinemic women?, N Engl J Med, 303, 1511, 10.1056/NEJM198012253032605 Klijn, 1981, The value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors and suprasellar non-pituitary tumors?, Fertil Steril, 35, 155, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45315-X Konopka, 1983, Continuous administration of bromo criptine in the prevention of neurological complications in pregnant women with prolactinomas?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 146, 935, 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90968-7 Koppelman, 1984, Hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea: A retrospective assessment of twenty-five cases?, Ann Intern Med, 100, 115, 10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-115 Lamberts, 1979, The incidence of complications during pregnancy after treatment of hyperprolactinemia with bromocriptine in patients with radiologically evident pituitary tumors?, Fertil Steril, 31, 614, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)44050-1 Landolt, 1981, Surgical treatment of pituitary prolactinomas: Postoperative prolactin and fertility in seventy patients?, Fertil Steril, 35, 620, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45552-4 Laws, 1983, Pregnancy following transsphenoidal resec tion of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors?, J Neurosurg, 58, 685, 10.3171/jns.1983.58.5.0685 Laws, 1985, Transsphenoidal surgery following unsuccessful prior therapy: An assessment of benefits and risks in 158 patients?, J Neurosurg, 63, 823, 10.3171/jns.1985.63.6.0823 Liuzzi, 1985, Low doses of dopamine agonists in the long-term treatment of macroprolactinomas?, N Engl J Med, 313, 656, 10.1056/NEJM198509123131103 Luciano, 1984, Hyperprolactinemia in polycystic ovary syn drome?, Fertil Steril, 41, 719, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)47838-6 Lundberg, 1981, Serum prolactin in patients with hypothalamus and pituitary disorders?, J Neurosurg, 55, 194, 10.3171/jns.1981.55.2.0194 Magyar, 1978, Pituitary tumors and pregnancy?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 132, 739, 10.1016/S0002-9378(78)80008-8 March, 1981, Longitudinal evaluations of patients with untreated prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 139, 835, 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90553-6 Marcovitz, 1984, Intrasellar germinoma associated with hyperprolactinemia?, Surg Neurol, 22, 387, 10.1016/0090-3019(84)90145-9 Martin, 1981, Cerebellar metastasis from a prolactinoma during treatment with bromocriptine?, J Neurosurg, 55, 615, 10.3171/jns.1981.55.4.0615 Martin, 1985, The natural history of idiopathic hyperprolactine mia?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 60, 855, 10.1210/jcem-60-5-855 Mastrogiacomo, 1984, Hyperprolactinemia and sexual distur bances among uremic women on hemodialysis?, Nephron, 37, 195, 10.1159/000183243 Molitch, 1985, Pregnancy and hyperprolactinemic woman?, N Engl J Med, 312, 1364, 10.1056/NEJM198505233122106 Molitch, 1985, Bromocriptine as primary therapy for prolactin-secreting macroadenomas: Results of a prospective multicenter study?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 60, 698, 10.1210/jcem-60-4-698 Molitch, 1982, Hyperprolactinemia?, DM, 28, 1 Muhr, 1981, A parallel study of roentgen anatomy of the sella turcica and the histopathology of the pituitary gland in 205 autopsy specimens?, Neuroradiology, 21, 55, 10.1007/BF00342982 Muller, 1977, Endocrine profile of ergot alkaloids?, Life Sei, 21, 1545, 10.1016/0024-3205(77)90231-4 Nabarro, 1982, Pituitary prolactinomas?, Clin Endocrinol, 17, 129, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb01573.x Nagel, 1973, Gynecomastia, prolactin, and other peptide hormones in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 36, 428, 10.1210/jcem-36-3-428 Nelson, 1983, Factors in predicting outcome from operation in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas?, Neurosurgery, 13, 634, 10.1227/00006123-198312000-00002 Nillius, 1980, Pituitary tumors and pregnancy, 103 Olgaard, 1975, Pituitary hormones in women with chronic renal failure: The effect of chronic haemo- and peritoneal dialysis?, Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 80, 237, 10.1530/acta.0.0800237 Pari, 1986, Late recurrence of surgically removed prolactinomas?, Cancer, 57, 2422, 10.1002/1097-0142(19860615)57:12<2422::AID-CNCR2820571229>3.0.CO;2-B Pasteeis, 1975, Inhibition de la secretion de prolactine par l’eregocornine et al 2 Br-alpha-ergocryptin: Action directe sur l’hypophyse en culture?, Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 32, 188 Patton, 1983, Hyperprolactinemia and delayed puberty: A report of three cases and their responses to therapy?, Pediatrics, 71, 572, 10.1542/peds.71.4.572 Pepperell, 1981, Prolactin and reproduction?, Fertil Steril, 35, 267, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45369-0 Post, 1979, Selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy in women with galactorrhea-amenorrhea?, JAMA, 242, 158, 10.1001/jama.1979.03300020028020 Randall, 1983, Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas: Results in 100 patients?, Mayo Clin Proc, 58, 108 Rawe, 1980, Prolactinomas: Surgical therapy, indications and results?, Surg Neurol, 14, 161 Raymond, 1985, Follow-up of children born of bromocrip tine-treated mothers?, Horm Res, 22, 246, 10.1159/000180100 Refetoff, 1974, Interrelationships in the regulation of TSH and prolactin secretion in man: Effect of L-dopa, TRH, and thyroid hormone in various combinations?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 38, 450, 10.1210/jcem-38-3-450 Rjosk, 1982, Influence of pregnancies on prolactinomas?, Acta Endocrinol, 100, 337, 10.1530/acta.0.1000337 Rodman, 1984, Long-term follow-up of transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy for prolactinoma?, JAMA, 252, 921, 10.1001/jama.1984.03350070039020 Samaan, 1984, The effects of pregnancy on patients with hyperprolactinemia?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 148, 466, 10.1016/0002-9378(84)90728-2 Schlechte, 1981, Abnormal regulation of prolactin secretion after successful surgery for prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors?, Clin Endocrinol, 15, 165, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00651.x Schlechte, 1983, Bone density in amenorrheic women with and without hyperprolactinemia?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 56, 1120, 10.1210/jcem-56-6-1120 Schran, 1980, The pharmacokinetics of bromocriptine in man, 125 Schwartz, 1982, Hyperprolactinemia and sexual disorders in men?, Biol Psychiatr, 17, 861 Segal, 1979, Male hyperprolactinemia effects on fertility?, Fertil Steril, 32, 556, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)44359-1 Serri, 1983, Recurrence of hyperprolactinemia after selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy in women with prolactinoma?, N Engl J Med, 309, 280, 10.1056/NEJM198308043090505 Sheline, 1984, Radiation therapy for prolactinomas, 93 Shen, 1984, Primary intrasellar germinoma in a woman presenting with secondary amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia?, Neurosurgery, 15, 417, 10.1227/00006123-198409000-00020 Skrabanek, 1980, Clinical course and outcome of thirty-five pregnancies in infertile hyperprolactinemic women?, Fertil Steril, 33, 391, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)44655-8 Slonim, 1982, Hyperprolactinemia associated with advanced puberty in a male?, J Pediatr, 101, 236, 10.1016/S0022-3476(82)80131-5 Swartz, 1983, High resolution computed tomographic appear ance of the intrasellar contents in women of childbearing age?, Radiology, 147, 115, 10.1148/radiology.147.1.6828714 Thomason, 1985, Treatment of presumed prolactinoma by transsphenoidal operation: Early and late results?, Br Med J, 291, 1550, 10.1136/bmj.291.6508.1550 Thorner, 1978, Bromocriptine treatment of hyperprolactinemic hypogonad ism?, Acta Endocrinol [Suppl], 216, 131 Thorner, 1977, Prolactin and gonadotropin interaction in the male, 351 Thorner, 1980, Rapid regression of pituitary prolactinomas during bromocriptine treatment?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 51, 438, 10.1210/jcem-51-3-438 Thorner, 1974, Long-term treatment of galactorrhea and hypogonadism with bromocriptine?, Br Med J, 2, 419, 10.1136/bmj.2.5916.419 Thorner, 1981, Rapid changes of prolactinoma volume after withdrawal and reinstitution of bromocriptine?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 53, 480, 10.1210/jcem-53-3-480 Thorner, 1980, A broad spectrum of prolactin suppression by bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemic women: A study of serum prolactin and bromocriptine levels after acute and chronic administration of bromocriptine?, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 50, 1026, 10.1210/jcem-50-6-1026 Tindall, 1978, Transsphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary tumors associated with hyperprolactinemia?, J Neurosurg, 48, 849, 10.3171/jns.1978.48.6.0849 Trautman, 1983, Visual status after transsphenoidal surgery at the Mayo Clinic, 1971-1982?, Am J Ophthalmol, 96, 200, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)77788-8 Tucker, 1981, Galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome: Follow-up of forty-five patients after pituitary tumor removal?, Ann Intern Med, 94, 302, 10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-302 Tukington, 1972, Prolactin secretion in patients treated with various drugs?, Arch Intern Med, 130, 349, 10.1001/archinte.1972.03650030031008 Turkalj, 1982, Surveillance of bromocriptine in pregnancy?, JAMA, 247, 1589, 10.1001/jama.1982.03320360039028 Turner, 1984, Psychotic reactions during treatment of pituitary tumours with dopamine agonists?, Br Med J, 289, 1101, 10.1136/bmj.289.6452.1101 Vance, 1984, Drugs five years later: Bromocriptine?, Ann Intern Med, 100, 78, 10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-78 Van Roon, 1981, Rapid regression of a suprasellar extending prolactinoma after bromocriptine treatment during pregnancy?, Fertil Steril, 36, 173, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45674-8 Von Werder, 1978, Treatment of patients with prolactino mas?, J Endocrinol Invest, 1, 47, 10.1007/BF03346770 Von Werder, 1983, Macroprolactinomas: Clinical and therapeutic aspects, 415 Weizman, 1983, Sexual dysfunction associated with hyperprolac tinemia in males and females undergoing hemodialysis?, Psychosom Med, 45, 259, 10.1097/00006842-198306000-00008 Wittert, 1985, The hormonal effects of pituitary surgery and irradiation: A review of 59 cases?, NZ Med J, 98, 93 Wollensen, 1982, Size reduction of extrasellar pituitary tumors during bromocriptine treatment: Quantitation of the effect on different types of tumors?, Ann Intern Med, 96, 281, 10.7326/0003-4819-96-3-281 Wollesen, 1985, Effect rates of different modalities for treatment of prolactin adenomas?, Am J Med, 78, 114, 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90471-1 Wolpert, 1984, Size, shape, and appearance of the normal female pituitary gland?, AJR, 143, 377, 10.2214/ajr.143.2.377 Woosley, 1982, Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: Neurosurgical management of 37 patients?, Fertil Steril, 37, 54, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45977-7 Yeo, 1979, The effects of dopamine, bromocriptine, lergotrile, and metoclopramide on prolactin release from continuously perfused columns of isolated rat pituitary cells, Clin Endocrinol, 10, 123, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb01357.x