Prognostic value of tumor immune biomarkers in biopsies from patients with refractory solid cancers

Hanahan, 2011, Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation, Cell, 144, 646, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013 Fridman, 2017, The immune contexture in cancer prognosis and treatment, Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol., 14, 717, 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.101 Galon, 2006, Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome, Science, 313, 1960, 10.1126/science.1129139 Pagès, 2005, Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer, N. Engl. J. Med., 353, 2654, 10.1056/NEJMoa051424 Dunn, 2002, Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape, Nat. Immunol., 3, 991, 10.1038/ni1102-991 Willimsky, 2005, Sporadic immunogenic tumours avoid destruction by inducing T-cell tolerance, Nature, 437, 141, 10.1038/nature03954 Dunn, 2004, The three Es of cancer immunoediting, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 22, 329, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104803 Jäger, 1996, Cytolytic T cell reactivity against melanoma-associated differentiation antigens in peripheral blood of melanoma patients and healthy individuals, Melanoma Res, 6, 419, 10.1097/00008390-199612000-00003 Khunger, 2017, Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) Ligand (PD-L1) Expression in Solid Tumors As a Predictive Biomarker of Benefit From PD-1/PD-L1 Axis Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, JCO Precis. Oncol., 1, 1 Walk, 2020, College of American Pathologists Personalized Health Care Committee, The Cancer Immunotherapy Biomarker Testing Landscape, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 144, 706, 10.5858/arpa.2018-0584-CP O'Callaghan, 2015, Tumour islet Foxp3+ T-cell infiltration predicts poor outcome in nonsmall cell lung cancer, Eur. Respir. J., 46, 1762, 10.1183/13993003.00176-2014 Hirsch, 2017, PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Assays for Lung Cancer: Results from Phase 1 of the Blueprint PD-L1 IHC Assay Comparison Project, J. Thorac. Oncol., 12, 208, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.2228 Lau, 2019, RNA Sequencing of the Tumor Microenvironment in Precision Cancer Immunotherapy, Trends Cancer, 5, 149, 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.006 Garrido-Laguna, 2012, Validation of the Royal Marsden Hospital prognostic score in patients treated in the Phase I Clinical Trials Program at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Cancer, 118, 1422, 10.1002/cncr.26413 Massard, 2017, High-Throughput Genomics and Clinical Outcome in Hard-to-Treat Advanced Cancers: Results of the MOSCATO 01 Trial, Cancer Discov, 7, 586, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-1396 Neuman, 2016, A Harmonization Study for the Use of 22C3 PD-L1 Immunohistochemical Staining on Ventana's Platform, J. Thorac. Oncol. Off. Publ. Int. Assoc. Study Lung Cancer., 11, 1863 Hirsch, 2003, Epidermal growth factor receptor in non-small-cell lung carcinomas: correlation between gene copy number and protein expression and impact on prognosis, J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 21, 3798, 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.069 Patro, 2017, Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression, Nat. Methods., 14, 417, 10.1038/nmeth.4197 Tibshirani, 1996, Regression Shrinkage and Selection via the Lasso, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol., 58, 267 Ishwaran, 2011, Random survival forests for high-dimensional data, Stat. Anal. Data Min. ASA Data Sci. J., 4, 115, 10.1002/sam.10103 Statistics, 2001, Mach. Learn., 5 Breiman, 1996, Mach. Learn., 123 Kuksin, 2021, Applications of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing in onco-immunology, Eur. J. Cancer., 149, 193, 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.03.005 Norton, 1988, A Gompertzian model of human breast cancer growth, Cancer Res, 48, 7067 Wu, 2015, PD-L1 and Survival in Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis, PLoS ONE, 10 Vrankar, 2018, PD-L1 expression can be regarded as prognostic factor for survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients after chemoradiotherapy, Neoplasma, 65, 140, 10.4149/neo_2018_170206N77 Huang, 2019, Prognostic and clinicopathological value of PD-L1 expression in primary breast cancer: a meta-analysis, Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 178, 17, 10.1007/s10549-019-05371-0 Powles, 2021, Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (KEYNOTE-361): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 22, 931, 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00152-2 Wang, 2017, Rise of PD-L1 expression during metastasis of colorectal cancer: Implications for immunotherapy, J. Dig. Dis., 18, 574, 10.1111/1751-2980.12538 Burgess, 2019, Discordance of high PD-L1 expression in primary and metastatic urothelial carcinoma lesions, Urol. Oncol. Semin. Orig. Investig., 37, 299.e19 Callea, 2015, Differential Expression of PD-L1 between Primary and Metastatic Sites in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Cancer Immunol. Res., 3, 1158, 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-15-0043 Li, 2017, The prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes in ovarian cancer, Oncotarget, 8, 15621, 10.18632/oncotarget.14919 Zhou, 2019, Immune cell infiltration as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of stage I–III colon cancer, Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 68, 433, 10.1007/s00262-018-2289-7 Conroy, 2019, Next generation sequencing of PD-L1 for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, J. Immunother. Cancer., 7, 18, 10.1186/s40425-018-0489-5 Sorokin, 2020, RNA Sequencing in Comparison to Immunohistochemistry for Measuring Cancer Biomarkers in Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer Specimens, Biomedicines, 8, 114, 10.3390/biomedicines8050114