Prognostic value of PCSK9 levels in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Montalescot, 2007, STEMI and NSTEMI: are they so different? 1 year outcomes in acute myocardial infarction as defined by the ESC/ACC definition (the OPERA registry), Eur Heart J, 28, 1409, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm031 Amsterdam, 2014, 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Am Coll Cardiol, 64, e139, 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.017 Lagace, 2006, Secreted PCSK9 decreases the number of LDL receptors in hepatocytes and in livers of parabiotic mice, J Clin Invest, 116, 2995, 10.1172/JCI29383 Abifadel, 2003, Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, Nat Genet, 34, 154, 10.1038/ng1161 Ference, 2016, Variation in PCSK9 and HMGCR and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes, N Engl J Med, 375, 2144, 10.1056/NEJMoa1604304 Cohen, 2005, Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9, Nat Genet, 37, 161, 10.1038/ng1509 Cohen, 2006, Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease, New England J Med, 354, 1264, 10.1056/NEJMoa054013 Gencer, 2020, Efficacy of Evolocumab on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Recent Myocardial Infarction: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis From the FOURIER Trial, JAMA Cardiol, 5, 952, 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0882 Bittner, 2020, Effect of Alirocumab on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, J Am Coll Cardiol, 75, 133, 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.057 Szarek, 2019, Alirocumab Reduces Total Nonfatal Cardiovascular and Fatal Events: The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial, J Am Coll Cardiol, 73, 387, 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.039 Leander, 2016, Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Predicts Future Risk of Cardiovascular Events Independently of Established Risk Factors, Circulation, 133, 1230, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018531 Li, 2015, Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Severity, and Outcomes in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study, Medicine (Baltim), 94, e2426, 10.1097/MD.0000000000002426 Werner, 2014, Risk prediction with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in patients with stable coronary disease on statin treatment, Vasc Pharmacol, 62, 94, 10.1016/j.vph.2014.03.004 Huijgen, 2012, Plasma PCSK9 levels and clinical outcomes in the TNT (Treating to New Targets) trial: a nested case-control study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 59, 1778, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.043 Cao, 2019, Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentration and recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, Eur J Preventive Cardiol, 28, 272, 10.1177/2047487319880985 Pastori, 2017, Relationship of PCSK9 and Urinary Thromboxane Excretion to Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 70, 1455, 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.743 Bayes-Genis, 2017, The PCSK9-LDL Receptor Axis and Outcomes in Heart Failure: BIOSTAT-CHF Subanalysis, J Am Coll Cardiol, 70, 2128, 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.057 Navarese, 2017, Association of PCSK9 with platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with prasugrel or ticagrelor: The PCSK9-REACT study, Int J Cardiol, 227, 644, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.084 Gencer, 2016, Prognostic value of PCSK9 levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes, Eur Heart J, 37, 546, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv637 Camp, 2004, X-tile: a new bio-informatics tool for biomarker assessment and outcome-based cut-point optimization, Clin Canc Res, 10, 7252, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0713 Lakoski, 2009, Metabolism: Genetic and metabolic determinants of plasma PCSK9 levels, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, 2537, 10.1210/jc.2009-0141 Voight, 2012, Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study, Lancet, 380, 572, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60312-2 Ong, 2018, Inflammation following acute myocardial infarction: Multiple players, dynamic roles, and novel therapeutic opportunities, Pharmacol Ther, 186, 73, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.001 Walley, 2014, PCSK9 is a critical regulator of the innate immune response and septic shock outcome, Sci Transl Med, 6, 258ra143, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008782 Urban, 2013, Targeting the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 for the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, J Am Coll Cardiol, 62, 1401, 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.056 Cheng, 2016, PCSK9 in relation to coronary plaque inflammation: Results of the ATHEROREMO-IVUS study, Atherosclerosis, 248, 117, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.010 Tang, 2012, PCSK9 siRNA suppresses the inflammatory response induced by oxLDL through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in THP-1-derived macrophages, Int J Mol Med, 30, 931, 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1072 Poirier, 2008, The proprotein convertase PCSK9 induces the degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and its closest family members VLDLR and ApoER2, J Biol Chem, 283, 2363, 10.1074/jbc.M708098200 Baitsch, 2011, Apolipoprotein E Induces Antiinflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 31, 1160, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.222745 Nicholls, 2016, Effect of Evolocumab on Progression of Coronary Disease in Statin-Treated Patients: The GLAGOV Randomized Clinical Trial, J Am Med Assoc, 316, 2373, 10.1001/jama.2016.16951 Obermayer, 2018, Oxidized low-density lipoprotein in inflammation-driven thrombosis, J Thromb Haemostasis, 16, 418, 10.1111/jth.13925 Camera, 2018, PCSK9 as a Positive Modulator of Platelet Activation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 71, 952, 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.069 Hansen, 2015, Markers of thrombin generation are associated with myocardial necrosis and left ventricular impairment in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Thromb J, 13, 31, 10.1186/s12959-015-0061-1 Meade, 1986, Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease: principal results of the Northwick Park Heart Study, Lancet, 2, 533, 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90111-X Simes, 2018, D-Dimer Predicts Long-Term Cause-Specific Mortality, Cardiovascular Events, and Cancer in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: LIPID Study, Circulation, 138, 712, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029901 Robinson, 2015, Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events, N Engl J Med, 372, 1489, 10.1056/NEJMoa1501031