Product diversity and regulation of type II fatty acid synthases

Biochemistry and Cell Biology - Tập 82 Số 1 - Trang 145-155 - 2004
Ying‐Jie Lu1, Yongmei Zhang, Charles O. Rock
1Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA

Tóm tắt

Fatty acid biosynthesis is catalyzed in most bacteria by a group of highly conserved proteins known as the type II fatty acid synthase (FAS II) system. FAS II has been extensively studied in the Escherichia coli model system, and the recent explosion of bioinformatic information has accelerated the investigation of the pathway in other organisms, mostly important human pathogens. All FAS II systems possess a basic set of enzymes for the initiation and elongation of acyl chains. This review focuses on the variations on this basic theme that give rise to the diversity of products produced by the pathway. These include multiple mechanisms to generate unsaturated fatty acids and the accessory components required for branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. Most of the known mechanisms that regulate product distribution of the pathway arise from the fundamental biochemical properties of the expressed enzymes. However, newly identified transcriptional factors in bacterial fatty acid biosynthetic pathways are a fertile field for new investigation into the genetic control of the FAS II system. Much more work is needed to define the role of these factors and the mechanisms that regulate their DNA binding capability, but there appear to be fundamental differences in how the expression of the pathway genes is controlled in Gram-negative and in Gram-positive bacteria.Key words: fatty acid synthase, bacteria.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Tập 82 Số 1

145-155

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