Processing and characterization of novel Himalayacalamus falconeri fiber reinforced biodegradable composites

Chin SC, Tee KF, Tong FS et al (2020) Thermal and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced composites. Mater Today Commun 23:100876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100876 Agarwal J, Sahoo S, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2020) Progress of novel techniques for lightweight automobile applications through innovative eco-friendly composite materials: a review. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 33:978–1013. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718815530 Khalil HPSA, Bhat IUH, Jawaid M et al (2012) Bamboo fibre reinforced biocomposites: a review. Mater Des 42:353–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.015 Bajpai PK, Singh I, Madaan J (2014) Development and characterization of PLA-based green composites: a review. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 27:52–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705712439571 Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT (2002) Sustainable bio-composites from renewable resources: opportunities and challenges in the green materials world. J Polym Environ 10:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021013921916 Sanjay MR, Siengchin S, Parameswaranpillai J et al (2019) A comprehensive review of techniques for natural fibers as reinforcement in composites: preparation, processing and characterization. Carbohydr Polym 207:108–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.083 Santhosh N, Praveena BA, Srikanth HV, et al (2022) Experimental investigations on static, dynamic, and morphological characteristics of bamboo fiber-reinforced polyester composites. Int J Polym Sci 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1916877 Siva R, Valarmathi TN, Samrot AV, Jeya Jeevahan J (2021) Surface-modified and untreated Cissus quadrangularis reinforced polylactic composite. Curr Res Green Sustain Chem 4:100121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100121 Joshi SV, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Arora S (2004) Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites? Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 35:371–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.016 Cavalcanti DKK, Banea MD, Neto JSS et al (2019) Mechanical characterization of intralaminar natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites. Compos Part B Eng 175:107149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107149 Lau K, tak, Hung P yan, Zhu MH, Hui D, (2018) Properties of natural fibre composites for structural engineering applications. Compos Part B Eng 136:222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.038 Akos NI, Wahit MU, Mohamed R, Yussuf AA (2013) Comparative studies of mechanical properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(lactic acid) blends reinforced with natural fibers. Compos Interfaces 20:459–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/15685543.2013.807158 Ali Akbari Ghavimi S, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Solati-Hashjin M, Abu Osman NA (2015) Polycaprolactone/starch composite: fabrication, structure, properties, and applications. J Biomed Mater Res - Part A 103:2482–2498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35371 Bajpai PK, Singh I, Madaan J (2012) Comparative studies of mechanical and morphological properties of polylactic acid and polypropylene based natural fiber composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 31:1712–1724. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684412447992 Chaitanya S, Singh I (2016) Novel Aloe vera fiber reinforced biodegradable composites - development and characterization. J Reinf Plast Compos 35:1411–1423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684416652739 Zhang K, Wang F, Liang W, et al (2018) Thermal and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Polymers (Basel) 8.https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10060608 Liu L, Yu J, Cheng L, Yang X (2009) Biodegradability of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composite reinforced with jute fibre. Polym Degrad Stab 94:90–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.10.013 Torres FG, Arroyo OH, Gomez C (2007) Processing and mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic starch biocomposites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 20:207–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705707073945 Pokhriyal M, Prasad L, Raturi HP (2017) An experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological properties of Himalayan nettle fiber composite. J Nat Fibers 00:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2017.1364202 Pokhriyal M, Prasad L, Rakesh PK, Raturi HP (2018) Influence of fiber loading on physical and mechanical properties of Himalayan nettle fabric reinforced polyester composite. Mater Today Proc 5:16973–16982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.04.101 Ranakoti L, Rakesh PK (2020) Physio-mechanical characterization of tasar silk waste/jute fiber hybrid composite. Compos Commun 22:100526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100526 Hassan MZ, Roslan SA, Sapuan SM et al (2020) Mercerization optimization of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) fiber-reinforced epoxy composite structures using a Box-Behnken design. Polymers (Basel) 12:1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12061367 Lods L, Richmond T, Dandurand J et al (2022) Continuous bamboo fibers/fire-retardant polyamide 11: dynamic mechanical behavior of the biobased composite. Polymers (Basel) 14:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14020299 Pokhriyal M, Kumar P (2022) Materials toda : proceedings mechanical and microstructural behaviour of NaOH treated Himalayacalamus falconeri fibers as biodegradable reinforcing material in polymer based composites. Mater Today Proc 62(2):1078–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.295 Rocky BP, Thompson AJ (2018) Production of natural bamboo fibers-1: experimental approaches to different processes and analyses. J Text Inst 109:1381–1391. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1482639 Komal UK, Verma V, Ashwani T et al (2020) Effect of chemical treatment on thermal, mechanical and degradation behavior of banana fiber reinforced polymer composites. J Nat Fibers 17:1026–1038. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1550461 Komal UK, Lila MK, Singh I (2020) PLA/banana fiber based sustainable biocomposites: a manufacturing perspective. Compos Part B Eng 180:107535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107535 Setswalo K, Oladijo OP, Namoshe M et al (2022) The mechanical properties of alkali and laccase treated Pterocarpus angolensis (mukwa)-polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Int J Biol Macromol 217:398–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.075 Yang Y, Murakami M, Hamada H (2012) Molding method, thermal and mechanical properties of jute/PLA injection molding. J Polym Environ 20:1124–1133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0565-8 Venkateshwaran N, Elayaperumal A (2010) Banana fiber reinforced polymer composites - a review. J Reinf Plast Compos 29:2387–2396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409360578 Malkapuram R, Kumar V, Singh Negi Y (2009) Recent development in natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 28:1169–1189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684407087759 Gassan J, Gutowski VS (2000) Effects of corona discharge and UV treatment on the properties of jute-fibre expoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 60:2857–2863. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00168-8 Kabir MM, Wang H, Lau KT, Cardona F (2012) Chemical treatments on plant-based natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: an overview. Compos Part B Eng 43:2883–2892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.053 Mukhopadhyay S, Fangueiro R (2009) Physical modification of natural fibers and thermoplastic films for composites - a review. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 22:135–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705708091860 Mohanty AK, Khan MA, Hinrichsen G (2000) Surface modification of jute and its influence on performance of biodegradable jute-fabric/Biopol composites. Compos Sci Technol 60:1115–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00012-9 Kalia S, Kaith BS, Kaur I (2009) Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—a review. Polym Eng Sci 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen Gomes A, Matsuo T, Goda K, Ohgi J (2007) Development and effect of alkali treatment on tensile properties of curaua fiber green composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 38:1811–1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.04.010 Li X, Tabil LG, Panigrahi S (2007) Chemical treatments of natural fiber for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites: a review. J Polym Environ 15:25–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-006-0042-3 De Rosa IM, Kenny JM, Maniruzzaman M et al (2011) Effect of chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal behaviour of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fibres. Compos Sci Technol 71:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.11.023 Chen H, Yu Y, Zhong T et al (2017) Effect of alkali treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of individual bamboo fibers. Cellulose 24:333–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1116-6 Vinod A, Vijay R, Lenin Singaravelu D et al (2022) Effect of alkali treatment on performance characterization of Ziziphus mauritiana fiber and its epoxy composites. J Ind Text 51:2444S-2466S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083720942614 Senthamaraikannan P, Saravanakumar SS (2023) Evaluation of characteristic features of untreated and alkali-treated cellulosic plant fibers from Mucuna atropurpurea for polymer composite reinforcement. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03736-y Huang JK, Bin YW (2019) The mechanical, hygral, and interfacial strength of continuous bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Compos Part B Eng 166:272–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.013 Khan Z, Yousif BF, Islam M (2017) Fracture behaviour of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Compos Part B Eng 116:186–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.02.015 Mwaikambo LY, Ansell MP (2002) Chemical modification of hemp , sisal , jute , and kapok fibers by alkalization. J Appl Polym Sci 2222–2234.https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10460 Annicchiarico D, Alcock JR (2014) Review of factors that affect shrinkage of molded part in injection molding. Mater Manuf Process 29:662–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.880467 Cheung HY, Lau KT, Pow YF et al (2010) Biodegradation of a silkworm silk/PLA composite. Compos Part B Eng 41:223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.09.004 Jonoobi M, Harun J, Mathew AP, Oksman K (2010) Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion. Compos Sci Technol 70:1742–1747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.005 Komal UK, Lila MK, Singh I (2021) Processing of PLA/pineapple fiber based next generation composites. Mater Manuf Process 36:1677–1692. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2021.1942904 Azad R, Shahrajabian H (2019) Experimental study of warpage and shrinkage in injection molding of HDPE/rPET/wood composites with multiobjective optimization. Mater Manuf Process 34:274–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2018.1512123 Rabbi MS, Islam T, Islam GMS (2021) Injection-molded natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites–a review. Int J Mech Mater Eng 16:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-021-00139-1 Bledzki AK, Jaszkiewicz A, Scherzer D (2009) Mechanical properties of PLA composites with man-made cellulose and abaca fibres. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 40:404–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.01.002 Serizawa S, Inoue K, Iji M (2006) Kenaf-fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) used for electronic products. J Appl Polym Sci 100:618–624. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.23377 Huda MS, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Misra M (2007) The effect of silane treated- and untreated-talc on the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/newspaper fibers/talc hybrid composites. Compos Part B Eng 38:367–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.06.010 Xiao-Yun W, Qiu-Hong W, Gu H (2010) Research on mechanical behavior of the flax/polyactic acid composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 29:2561–2567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409355201 Kumar B (2009) Ringal (a dwarf bamboo): resource use pattern. Rep Opin 1:1–5 Bag N, Chandra S, Palni LMS, Nandi SK (2000) Micropropagation of Dev-ringal [Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro] — a temperate bamboo, and comparison between in vitro propagated plants and seedlings. Plant Sci 156:125–135 Pokhriyal M, Kumar P, Sanjay R et al (2023) Effect of alkali treatment on novel natural fiber extracted from Himalayacalamus falconeri culms for polymer composite applications. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03843-4 Li Z, Zhou X, Pei C (2011) Effect of sisal fiber surface treatment on properties of sisal fiber reinforced polylactide composites. Int J Polym Sci 2011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/803428 Chaitanya S, Singh I (2017) Sisal fiber-reinforced green composites: effect of ecofriendly fiber treatment. Polym Polym Compos 39:4310–4321. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24511 Lee JT, Kim MW, Song YS et al (2010) Mechanical properties of denim fabric reinforced poly(lactic acid). Fibers Polym 11:60–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0060-6 Graupner N, Herrmann AS, Müssig J (2009) Natural and man-made cellulose fibre-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites: an overview about mechanical characteristics and application areas. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 40:810–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.003 Oksman K, Skrifvars M, Selin JF (2003) Natural fibres as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Compos Sci Technol 63:1317–1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00103-9 Huang X, Netravali A (2007) Characterization of flax fiber reinforced soy protein resin based green composites modified with nano-clay particles. Compos Sci Technol 67:2005–2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.01.007 Li Y, Mai Y, Ye L (2000) Sisal fibre and its composites: a review of recent developments IM PA US AS DO ME US EX ON AS. Compos Sci Technol 60:2037–2055 Rajesh G, Ratna Prasad AV, Gupta A (2015) Mechanical and degradation properties of successive alkali treated completely biodegradable sisal fiber reinforced poly lactic acid composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 34:951–961. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684415584784 Majhi SK, Nayak SK, Mohanty S, Unnikrishnan L (2010) Mechanical and fracture behavior of banana fiber reinforced polylactic acid biocomposites. Int J Plast Technol 14:57–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12588-010-0010-6 Al-Mobarak T, Mina MF, Gafur MA (2019) Material properties of sponge-gourd fiber–reinforced polylactic acid biocomposites: effect of fiber weight ratio, chemical treatment, and treatment concentrations. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 32:967–994. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718772880 Yu T, Li Y, Ren J (2009) Preparation and properties of short natural fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China (English Ed 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60126-4 Ochi S (2006) Development of high strength biodegradable composites using Manila hemp fiber and starch-based biodegradable resin. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 37:1879–1883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.12.019 Ochi S (2008) Mechanical properties of kenaf fibers and kenaf/PLA composites. Mech Mater 40:446–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.10.006 Sykacek E, Hrabalova M, Frech H, Mundigler N (2009) Extrusion of five biopolymers reinforced with increasing wood flour concentration on a production machine, injection moulding and mechanical performance. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 40:1272–1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.05.023 Bax B, Müssig J (2008) Impact and tensile properties of PLA/Cordenka and PLA/flax composites. Compos Sci Technol 68:1601–1607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.01.004 Bledzki AK, Jaszkiewicz A (2010) Mechanical performance of biocomposites based on PLA and PHBV reinforced with natural fibres - a comparative study to pp. Compos Sci Technol 70:1687–1696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.06.005 Ferede E, Atalie D (2022) Mechanical and water absorption characteristics of sisal fiber reinforced polypropylene composite. J Nat Fibers 00:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2069188 Sahu P, Gupta MK (2022) Water absorption behavior of cellulosic fibres polymer composites: a review on its effects and remedies. J Ind Text 51:7480S-7512S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083720974424 Thakur VK, Singha AS (2010) Physico-chemical and mechanical characterization of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites. Polym J 19:3–16 Büyükkaya K, Demirer H (2020) Examining the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate composites reinforced with nettle fibres. Arab J Sci Eng 45:665–674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04136-7 Zhang Y, Yu C, Chu PK et al (2012) Mechanical and thermal properties of basalt fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) composites. Mater Chem Phys 133:845–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.01.105 Vercher J, Fombuena V, Diaz A, Soriano M (2020) Influence of fibre and matrix characteristics on properties and durability of wood–plastic composites in outdoor applications. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 33:477–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718807956 Wang L, Feng J, He C (2022) Degradation behavior of soybean straw reinforced PLA composites in different soil conditions. J Adhes Sci Technol 0:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2022.2107867 Kumar R, Yakubu MK, Anandjiwala RD (2010) Biodegradation of flax fiber reinforced poly lactic acid. Express Polym Lett 4:423–430. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.53 Gunti R, Prasad AVR, Gupta AVSSKS (2016) Preparation and properties of successive alkali treated completely biodegradable short jute fiber-reinforced PLA composites. Polym Compos 37:2160–2170. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23395