Probiotics

2002, Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food: report of a Joint FAO/WHO Working Group

Senok, 2005, Probiotics: facts and myths, Clin Microbiol Infect., 11, 958, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01228.x

Schrezenmeir, 2001, Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition, Am J Clin Nutr., 73, 361S, 10.1093/ajcn/73.2.361s

2001, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria

Santosa, 2006, Probiotics and their potential health claims, Nutr Rev., 64, 265, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00209.x

Alvarez-Olmos, 2001, Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: a modern perspective on a traditional therapy, Clin Infect Dis., 32, 1567, 10.1086/320518

Doron, 2006, Probiotics: their role in the treatment and prevention of disease, Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther., 4, 261, 10.1586/14787210.4.2.261

Pham, 2008, Probiotics: sorting the evidence from the myths, Med J Aust., 188, 304, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01627.x

Vanderhoof, 2008, Probiotics in the United States, Clin Infect Dis., 46, S67, 10.1086/523339

Vanderhoof, 2004, Current and potential uses of probiotics, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol., 93, S33, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61730-9

Goldin, 1998, Health benefits of probiotics, Br J Nutr., 80, S203, 10.1017/S0007114500006036

Wald, 2008, Behavioral and complementary approaches for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, Nutr Clin Pract., 23, 284, 10.1177/0884533608318677

Surawicz, 2008, Role of probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, J Clin Gastroenterol., 42, S64, 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181646d09

MacIntyre, 2005, Probiotics: the benefits of bacterial cultures, Compr Ther., 31, 181, 10.1385/COMP:31:3:181

Scarpellini, 2008, Probiotics: which and when?, Dig Dis., 26, 175, 10.1159/000116776

Farnworth, 2008, The evidence to support health claims for probiotics, J Nutr., 138, 1250S, 10.1093/jn/138.6.1250S

Goldin, 2008, Clinical indications for probiotics: an overview, Clin Infect Dis., 46, S96, 10.1086/523333

Reid, 2003, Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice, Clin Microbiol Rev., 16, 658, 10.1128/CMR.16.4.658-672.2003

Silva, 1987, Antimicrobial substance from a human Lactobacillus strain, Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 31, 1231, 10.1128/AAC.31.8.1231

Castagliuolo, 1999, Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits the effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in human colonic mucosa, Infect Immun., 67, 302, 10.1128/IAI.67.1.302-307.1999

Chan, 1985, Competitive exclusion of uropathogens from human uroepithelial cells by Lactobacillus whole cells and cell wall fragments, Infect Immun., 47, 84, 10.1128/IAI.47.1.84-89.1985

Mack, 1999, Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression, Am J Physiol., 276, G941

Kaila, 1992, Enhancement of the circulating antibody secreting cell response in human diarrhea by a human Lactobacillus strain, Pediatr Res., 32, 141, 10.1203/00006450-199208000-00002

2007, Probiotics, Med Lett Drugs Ther., 49, 66

Guandalini, 2000, Lactobacillus GG administered in oral rehydration solution to children with acute diarrhea: a multicenter European trial, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr., 30, 54, 10.1097/00005176-200001000-00018

Van Niel, 2002, Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis, Pediatrics., 109, 678, 10.1542/peds.109.4.678

Canani, 2007, Probiotics for treatment of acute diarrhoea in children: randomised clinical trial of five different preparations, BMJ., 335, 340, 10.1136/bmj.39272.581736.55

Cremonini, 2002, Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 16, 1461, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01318.x

D’Souza, 2002, Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis, BMJ., 324, 1361, 10.1136/bmj.324.7350.1361

McFarland, 2006, Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of Clostridium difficile disease, Am J Gastroenterol., 101, 812, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00465.x

Klarin, 2008, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces colonisation of Clostridium difficile in critically ill patients treated with antibiotics, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand., 52, 1096, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01748.x

Dendukuri, 2005, Probiotic therapy for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review, CMAJ., 173, 167, 10.1503/cmaj.050350

Pillai, 2008, Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, CD004611

Hilton, 1997, Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG as a diarrheal preventive in travelers, J Travel Med., 4, 41, 10.1111/j.1708-8305.1997.tb00772.x

Katelaris, 1995, Lactobacilli to prevent traveler’s diarrhea?, N Engl J Med, 333, 1360, 10.1056/NEJM199511163332016

McFarland, 2007, Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of traveler’s diarrhea, Travel Med Infect Dis., 5, 97, 10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.10.003

Wilhelm, 2008, Effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, Pharmacotherapy., 28, 496, 10.1592/phco.28.4.496

McFarland, 2008, Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, World J Gastroenterol., 14, 2650, 10.3748/wjg.14.2650

Rembacken, 1999, Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial, Lancet., 354, 635, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)06343-0

Kruis, 1997, Double-blind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli preparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis, Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 11, 853, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00225.x

Kruis, 2004, Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine, Gut., 53, 1617, 10.1136/gut.2003.037747

Guslandi, 2003, A pilot trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in ulcerative colitis, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol., 15, 697, 10.1097/00042737-200306000-00017

Bibiloni, 2005, VSL#3 probiotic-mixture induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis, Am J Gastroenterol., 100, 1539, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41794.x

Guslandi, 2000, Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease, Dig Dis Sci., 45, 1462, 10.1023/A:1005588911207

Marteau, 2006, Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial, Gut., 55, 842, 10.1136/gut.2005.076604

Gionchetti, 2000, Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Gastroenterology., 119, 305, 10.1053/gast.2000.9370

Gionchetti, 2003, Prophylaxis of pouchitis onset with probiotic therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Gastroenterology., 124, 1202, 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00171-9

Mimura, 2004, Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis, Gut., 53, 108, 10.1136/gut.53.1.108

Kuisma, 2003, Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on ileal pouch inflammation and microbial flora, Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 17, 509, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01465.x

Kalliomaki, 2001, Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial, Lancet., 357, 1076, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04259-8

Kalliomaki, 2003, Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial, Lancet., 361, 1869, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13490-3

Isolauri, 2000, Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema, Clin Exp Allergy., 30, 1604, 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00943.x

Reid, 2003, Urogenital infections in women: can probiotics help?, Postgrad Med J., 79, 428, 10.1136/pmj.79.934.428

Hilton, 1995, Lactobacillus GG vaginal suppositories and vaginitis, J Clin Microbiol, 33, 1433, 10.1128/JCM.33.5.1433-1433.1995

Reid, 2001, Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol., 30, 49, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01549.x

Hilton, 1992, Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus as prophylaxis for candidal vaginitis, Ann Intern Med., 116, 353, 10.7326/0003-4819-116-5-353

Kligler, 2008, Probiotics, Am Fam Physician., 78, 1073

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Lactobacillus monograph. www.naturaldatabase.com (accessed 2009 Mar 23).

Sutton, 2008, Product development of probiotics as biological drugs, Clin Infect Dis., 46, S128, 10.1086/523325

Kailasapathy, 2002, Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria: technology and potential applications, Curr Issues Intest Microbiol., 3, 39

Katz, 2002, Commercially available probiotic preparations: are you getting what you pay for?, Gastroenterology, 122, A-459

Sanders ME . Probiotics: background and product table. www.usprobiotics.org (accessed 2009 Mar 23).

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Yogurt monograph. www.naturaldatabase.com (accessed 2009 Mar 23).

Karpa, 2007, Probiotics for Clostridium difficile diarrhea: putting it into perspective, Ann Pharmacother., 41, 1284, 10.1345/aph.1K228

Snydman, 2008, The safety of probiotics, Clin Infect Dis., 46, S104, 10.1086/523331

Borriello, 2003, Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria, Clin Infect Dis., 36, 775, 10.1086/368080

Salminen, 2004, Lactobacillus bacteremia, clinical significance, and patient outcome, with special focus on probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, Clin Infect Dis., 38, 62, 10.1086/380455

Munoz, 2005, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease, Clin Infect Dis., 40, 1625, 10.1086/429916

Boyle, 2006, Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks?, Am J Clin Nutr., 83, 1256, 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1256

Salminen, 2002, Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland, Clin Infect Dis., 35, 1155, 10.1086/342912

Besselink, 2008, Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet., 371, 651, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60207-X

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Bifidobacteria monograph. www.naturaldatabase.com (accessed 2009 Mar 23).

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Saccharomyces boulardii monograph. www.naturaldatabase.com (accessed 2009 Mar 23).

2005–09, Florastor (Saccharomyces boulardii lyo) package insert

Drugdex System, Lactobacillus monograph

Drugdex System, Saccharomyces boulardii monograph