Prison population growth and crime reduction
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bastian, L. D. (1992).Criminal Victimizations, 1991, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Beck, A. J. (1989).Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1983. U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Berk, R. A., Messinger, S. L., Rauma, D., and Berecochea, J. E. (1983). Prisons as self-regulating systems: A comparison of historical patterns in California for male and female offenders.Law Soc. Rev. 17: 547–586.
Blumstein, A., and Cohen, J. (1973). A theory of the stability of punishment.J. Crim. Law Criminol. 64: 198–207.
Blumstein, A., and Cohen, J. (1979). Estimation of individual crime rates from arrest records.J. Crim. Law Criminol. 70: 561–585.
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., and Nagin, D. (eds.) (1978).Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating the Effects of Criminal Sanctions on the Crime Rates, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., and Visher, C. A. (eds.) (1986).Criminal Careers and “Career Criminals,ℍ Vol I, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., and Visher, C. A. (1988). Linking the crime and arrest process to measure individual crime rates: Variations in individual arrest risk per crime (unpublished paper).
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., and Rosenfeld, R. (1991). Trend and deviation in crime rates: A comparison of UCR and NCS data for burglary and robbery.Criminology 29: 237–263.
Bowker, L. H. (1981). Crime and the use of prisons in the United States: A time series analysis.Crime Delinq. 27: 206–212.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (1986).State and Federal Prisoners 1925–85, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (1991).Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1989, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (1992a).Correctional Populations in the United States, 1990, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (1992b).National Corrections Reporting Program, 1986, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Campbell, D. T., and Stanley, J. C. (1966).Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.
Chaiken, J. M., and Chaiken, M. (1982).Varieties of Criminal Behavior, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Chamlin, M. B., and Kennedy, M. B. (1991). The impact of the Wilson administration on economic crime rates.J. Quant. Criminol. 7: 357–372.
Chappell, C. L., and Sykes, G. (1991). Prison commitments, crime, and unemployment: A theoretical and empirical specification for the United States, 1933–1985.J. Quant. Criminol. 7: 155–200.
Cohen, J. (1983). Incapacitation as a strategy for crime control: Possibilities and pitfalls. In Tonry, M., and Morris, N. (eds.),Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol 5, University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Cohen, J. (1986). Research on criminal careers: Individual frequency rates and offense seriousness. In Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., and Visher, C. A. (eds.),Criminal Careers and “Career Criminals,ℍ Vol. I, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Cohen, J., and Canela-Cacho, J. (1993).Incarceration and Violent Crime: 1965–1988, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Pittsburgh, PA.
Cook, P. (1982). Research in criminal deterrence: Laying the groundwork for the second decade. In Tonry, M., and Morris, N. (eds.),Crime and Justice, an Annual Review of Research, Vol. 2, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Devine, J. A., Sheley, J. F., and Smith, M. D. (1988). Macroeconomic and social-control policy influences on crime rate changes, 1948–1985.Am. Sociol. Rev. 51: 407–421.
Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time-series with a unit root.J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 74: 427–431.
Ekland-Olson, S., Kelly, W. R., and Eisenberg, M. (1992). Crime and incarceration: Some comparative findings from the 1980s.Crime Delinq. 38: 392–416.
Engle, R. F., and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing.Econometrica 55: 251–276.
English, K., and Mande, M. J. (1992).Measuring Crime Rates of Prisoners, Colorado Department of Public Safety, Denver.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (1972–1992).Uniform Crime Reports, Crime in the United States, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Feeley, M. M., and Simon, J. (1992). The new penology: Notes on the emerging strategy of corrections and its implications.Criminology 30: 449–474.
Fisher, F. M., and Nagin, D. (1978). On the feasibility of identifying the crime function in a simultaneous model of crime rates and sanction levels. In Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., and Nagin, D. (eds.),Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating the Effects of Criminal Sanctions on Crime Rates, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Gibbs, J. P., and Firebaugh, G. (1990). The artifact issue in deterrence research.Criminology 28: 347–367.
Gilliard, D. K. (1993).Prisoners in 1992., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Gove, W. R., Hughes, M., and Geerken, M. (1985). Are uniform crime reports a valid indicator of index crimes? An affirmative answer with minor qualifications.Criminology 23: 451–501.
Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods.Econometrica 37: 424–438.
Granger, C. W. J. (1988). Some recent developments in a concept of causality.J. Econometrics 39: 199–211.
Granger, C. W. J., and Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics.J. Econometrics 26: 1045–1066.
Greenberg, D. F. (1975). The incapacitative effects of imprisonment: Some estimates.Law Soc. Rev. 9: 541–580.
Greenberg, D. F. (1977). The dynamics of oscillatory punishment processes.J. Crim. Law Criminal. 68: 643–651.
Greenberg, D. F. (1990). The cost-benefit analysis of imprisonment.Soc. Just. 17: 49–75.
Greenwood, P. W. (1983). Controlling the crime rate through imprisonment. In Wilson, J. (ed.),Crime and Public Policy, ICS Press, San Francisco, CA.
Hindelang, M. J., Dunn, C. S., Sutton, L. P., and Aumick, A. L. (1973).Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1973, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Horney, J., and Marshall, I. H. (1991). Measuring lambda through self reports.Criminology 29: 471–495.
Horney, J., and Marshall, I. H. (1992). An experimental comparison of two self-reported methods for measuring lambda.J. Res. Crime Delinq. 29: 102–121.
Hsiao, C. (1986).Analysis of Penal Data. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (1975).Prisoners in State and Federal Institutions on December 31, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, U.S. Goverment Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Madalla, G. S. (1988).Introduction to Economics, Macmillan, New York.
Markides, K., and Tracy, G. (1976). The effect of the age structure of a stationary population on crime rates.J. Crim. Law Criminol. 67: 351–355.
Marvell, T. B., and Moody, C. E. (1991). Age structure and crime rates: The conflicting evidence.J. Quant. Criminol. 7: 237–273.
Menard, S. (1992). Residual gains, reliability, and the UCR-NCS relationship: A comment on Blumstein, Cohen, and Rosenfeld.Criminology 30: 105.
McGuire, W. J., and Sheehan, R. G. (1983). Relationships between crime rates and incarceration rates: Further analysis.J. Res. Crime Delinq. 20: 73–85.
Miranne, A. C., and Geerken, M. R. (1991). The New Orleans inmate survey: A test of Greenwood's predictive scale.Criminology 29: 497–518.
Nagin, D. (1978). General deterrence: A review of the empirical evidence. In Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., and Nagin, D. (eds.),Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating the Effects of Criminal Sanctions on Crime Rates, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Petersilia, J., Greenwood, P. W., and Lavin, M. (1977).Criminal Careers of Habitual Felons, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Peterson, M. A., and Braiker, H. B. (1980).Doing Crime: A Survey of California Prison Inmates, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
Pindyck, R. S., and Rubinfeld, D. L., (1991).Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Reiss, A. J. (1988). Co-offending influences on criminal careers. In Tonry, M., and Morris, N. (eds.),Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol. 10, University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Reiss, A. J., and Farrington, D. P. (1991). Advancing knowledge about co-offending: Results from a prospective longitudinal survey of London males.J. Crim. Law Criminol. 82: 360- 395.
Reiss, A. J., and Roth, J. A. (eds.) (1993).Understanding and Preventing Violence, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Sampson, R. (1986). Crime in cities: The effects of formal and informal social control. In Reiss, A. J., and Tonry, M. (eds.),Communities and Crime, University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Sherman, L. W., and Glick, B. D. (1984).The Quality of Police Arrest Statistics, Police Foundation, Washington, DC.
Shinnar, S., and Shinnar, R. (1975). The effect of the criminal justice system on the control of crime: A quantitative approach.Law Soc. Rev. 9: 581–611.
Shover, N. (1991). Burglary. In Tonry, M., and Morris, N. (eds.),Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol. 14, University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Solari, R. (1992).National Judicial Reporting Program, 1988, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Steffenmeier, D., and Harer, M. D. (1993). Bulging prisons, and aging U.S. population, and the nation's violent crime rate.Fed. Probat. 57 (June); 3–10.
Sykes, G. W., Vito, G. F., and McElrath, K. (1987). Jail populations and crime rates: An exploratory analysis.J. Polit. Sci. Admin. 15: 72–77.
Visher, C. A. (1986). The Rand inmate survey: A reanalysis. In Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., and Visher, C. A. (eds.),Criminal Careers and “Career Criminals,ℍ Vol. II, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Weis, J. G. (1986). Issues in the measurement of criminal careers. In Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., and Visher, C. A. (eds.),Criminal Careers and “Career Criminals,ℍ Vol. II, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Wolpin, K. I. (1980). A time series-cross section analysis of international variation in crime punishment.Rev. Econ. Stat. 62: 417–423.
Zedlewski, E. W. (1987).Making Confinement Decisions, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
Zedlewski, E. W. (1989). New mathematics of imprisonment: A reply to Zimring and Hawkins.Crime Deling. 35: 169–173.
Zimring, F. E., and Hawkins, G. (1988). The new mathematics of imprisonment.Crime Delinq. 34: 425–436.
Zimring, F. E., and Hawkins, G. (1991).The Scale of Imprisonment, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.