Priming of field-sown rice seed enhances germination, seedling establishment, allometry and yield

Plant Growth Regulation - Tập 49 - Trang 285-294 - 2006
Muhammad Farooq1, Shahzad M. A. Barsa1, Abdul Wahid2
1Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Tóm tắt

Poor seedling establishment is a major deterrent in adopting direct seeding of rice. Seed priming to obtain better crop stand could be an attractive approach. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of seed priming strategies on the improved agronomic characters of direct-sown rice. Seed priming strategies were: hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl or CaCl2 for 24 h, ascorbate priming for 48 h and seed hardening for 24 h, pre-germination (traditional soaking for nursery raising) and untreated control. Seed priming improved germination and emergence, allometry, kernel yield, and its quality, whilst pre-germination displayed poor and erratic emergence of seedling followed by poor plant performance. Faster and uniform emergence was due to improved α-amylase activity, which increased the level of soluble sugars in the primed kernels. Osmohardening with KCl gave greater kernel and straw yield and harvest index, followed by that of CaCl2, hardening and ascorbate priming. Improved yield was attributed principally to number of fertile tillers and 1000 kernel weight. A positive correlation between mean emergence time and days to heading, while a negative one between kernel yield and harvest index suggested long-term effects of seed priming on plant growth and development. The results suggest that physiological changes produced by osmohardening enhanced the starch hydrolysis and made more sugars available for embryo growth, vigorous seedling production and, later on, improved allometric, kernel yield and quality attributes.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2005) Pre-sowing seed treatment—a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Adv Agron 88:223–271 Balasubramanian V, Hill JE (2002) Direct seeding of rice in Asia: emerging issues and strategic research needs for 21st century. In: Pandey S, Mortimer M, Wade L, Tuong TP, Lopes K, Hardy B (eds) Direct seeding: research strategies and opportunities. International Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, pp 15–39 Basra SMA, Farooq M, Tabassum R (2005) Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci Technol 33:623–628 Basra SMA, Farooq M, Hafeez K, Ahmad N (2004) Osmohardening: a new technique for rice seed invigoration. Inter Rice Res Notes 29:80–81 Bailly C, Benamar A, Corbineau F, Come D (2000) Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Sci Res 10:35–42 Bernfeld P (1955) Amylases α and β. Method Enzymol 1:149 Bradford KJ, Steiner JJ, Trawatha SE (1990) Seed priming influence on germination and emergence of pepper seed lots. Crop Sci 30:718–721 Dubois M, Giles KA, Hamilton JK, Roberes PA, Smith F (1956) Colorometric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Ann Chem 28:350–356 Du LV, Tuong TP (2002) Enhancing the performance of dry-seeded rice: effects of seed priming, seedling rate, and time of seedling. In: Pandey S, Mortimer M, Wade L, Tuong TP, Lopes K, Hardy B (eds) Direct seeding: research strategies and opportunities. International Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, pp␣241–256 Ellis RA, Roberts EH (1981) The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci Technol 9:373–409 Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Ahmad N (2005) Thermal hardening: a new seed vigor enhancement tool in rice. Acta Bot Sin 47:187–193 Farooq M, Basra SMA, Cheema MA (2006a) Integration of pre-sowing soaking, chilling and heating treatments for vigor enhancement in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci Technol 34:521–528 Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K (2006b) Rice seed invigoration by osmohardening. Seed Sci Technol 34:181–186 Hampton JG, Tekrony DM (1995) Handbook of ISTA vigour test methods, 3rd edn. ISTA, Zurich, p 10 Harris D, Tripathi RS, Joshi A (2002) On-farm seed priming to improve crop establishment and yield in dry direct-seeded rice. In: Pandey S, Mortimer M, Wade L, Tuong TP, Lopes K, Hardy B (eds) Direct seeding: research strategies and opportunities. International Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, pp␣231–240 Hsu CC, Chen CL, Chen JJ, Sung JM (2003) Accelerated aging-enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Sci Hort 98:201–212 Hunt R (1978) Plant growth analysis. Edward Arnald, London Juliano BO (1971) A simplified assay for milled rice amylose. Cer Sci 16:334–340 Juliano BO, Onate LU, Mundo AM (1965) Relation of starch compaction, protein content and gelatinization temperature to cooking and eating quality of milled rice. Food Technol 19:1006–1011 Lee SS, Kim JH (1999) Morphological change, sugar content, and α-amylase activity of rice seeds under various priming conditions. Kor J Crop Sci 44:138–142 Lee SS, Kim JH (2000) Total sugars, α-amylase activity, and emergence after priming of normal and aged rice seeds. Kor J Crop Sci 45:108–111 Lee SS, Kim JH, Hong SB, Yun SH (1998) Effect of humidification and hardening treatment on seed emergence of rice. Kor J Crop Sci 43:157–160 Muhyaddin T, Weibe HJ (1989) Effect of seed treatments with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on emergence of vegetable seeds. Seed Sci Technol 17:49–56 Niklas KJ (1994) Plant allometry. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois Panlasigui LN, Thompson LU, Juliano BO, Perez CM, Yiu␣SH, Greenberg GR (1991) Rice varieties with similar amylose content differ in starch digestibility and glycemic response in humans. Amer J Clinic Nutr 54:871–877 Paul SR, Choudhary AK (1991) Effect of seed priming with salts on growth and yield of wheat under rainfed conditions. Ann Agric Res 12:415–418 Pill WG, Finch-Savage WE (1988) Effects of combining priming and plant growth regulator treatments on the synchronization of carrot seed emergence. Ann Appl Biol 113:383–389 Ruan S, Xue Q, Tylkowska K (2002) Effects of seed priming on emergence and health of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. Seed Sci Technol 30:451–458 Saha R, Mandal AK, Basu RN (1990) Physiology of seed invigoration treatments in soybean (Glycine max L.). Seed Sci Technol 18:269–276 Sung FJ, Chang YH (1993) Biochemical activities associated with priming of sweet corn seeds to improve vigor. Seed Sci Technol 21:97–105 Taylor AG, Allen PS, Bennett MA, Bradford JK, Burris JS, Misra MK (1998) Seed enhancements. Seed Sci Res 8:245–256 Thakuria RK, Choudhary JK (1995) Effect of seed priming, potassium and anti-transpirant on dry-seeded rainfed ahu rice (Oryza sativa). Ind J Agron 40:412–414 Wahid A, Shabbir A (2005) Induction of heat stress tolerance in barley seedlings by pre-sowing seed treatment with glycinebetaine. Plant Growth Regul 46:133–141 Wahid A, Parveen M, Gelani S, Basra SMA (2006) Pretreatment of seeds with H2O2 improves salt tolerance of wheat seedling by alleviation of oxidative damage and expression of stress proteins. J Plant Physiol (published online) Yamauchi M, Winn T (1996) Rice seed vigor and seedling establishment in anaerobic soil. Crop Sci 36:680–686 Zheng HC, Jin HU, Zhi Z, Ruan SL, Song WJ (2002) Effect of seed priming with mixed-salt solution on emergence and physiological characteristics of seedling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under stress conditions. J␣Zhejiang Uni 28:175–178