Primary domestication and early uses of the emblematic olive tree: palaeobotanical, historical and molecular evidence from the Middle East
Tóm tắt
Our knowledge of the origins of olive tree domestication in the Middle East and on the processes governing its extension and persistence in different vegetation types from prehistory through antiquity to modern times derives from diverse sources, spanning the biological sciences to the humanities. Nonetheless, it lacks a robust overview that may lead to floating interpretations. This is especially true in the Middle East, considered as the cradle of agriculture, and where the evolutionary history of this emblematic tree is intertwined with that of civilizations. Olive fruit, oil and wood have been, since Prehistoric times, characteristic products of the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea. In the domestic economy of these countries, the olive tree gradually became a traditional tree crop since the first oil extraction, through the emergence of regional commerce that accompanied the rise and fall of early Near‐Middle Eastern urbanism, until the development of modern trade, with an oil production estimated at
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Asensi Amorós V., 2003, Food, Fuel and Fields. Progress in African Archaeobotany, 177
Bartolini G., 1998, Olive Germplasm: Cultivars and World‐Wide Collections .
Baruch U., 1990, Man's Role in the Shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape, 283
Bar‐Yosef O., 1989, Foraging and Farming: The Evolution of Plant Exploitation, 632
Blondel J., 1999, Biology and Wildlife of the Mediterranean Region .
Borowski O., 1987, Agriculture in Iron Age Israel .
Bottema S., 1984, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of southwestern Turkey Part II., Palaeohistoria, 26, 123
Bottema S., 1990, Man's Role in the Shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape, 231
Bottema S. Woldring H.&Aytug B.(1986).Palynological investigations on the relations between prehistoric man and vegetation in Turkey: the Beysehir occupation phase.InProceedings of the Fifth Optima Congress pp.315–328.Istanbul.
Bottema S., 1981, Préhistoire du Levant, 111
Bottéro J., 1956, Archives Royales de Mari VII. Textes Administratifs de la Salle 110, Textes Cunéiformes du Louvre
Cappers R., 1998, Berenike ’96. Report of the Excavations at Berenika (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert, 289
De Vartavan C., 1997, Codex of Ancient Egyptian Plant Remains .
Elant H., 1976, Evolution of Crop Plants, 219
Epstein C., 1993, Oil production in the Golan heights during the Chalcolithic period., Tel Aviv, 20, 133, 10.1179/tav.1993.1993.2.133
Faust A., 2005, Judah, Philistia, and the Mediterranean World: reconstructing the economic system of the seventh century BCE., Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 338, 71, 10.1086/BASOR25066890
Finkelstein I., 1996, The archaeology of the United Monarchy: an alternative view., Levant, 28, 177, 10.1179/lev.1996.28.1.177
Finkelstein I., 2010, The iron I/IIa transition in the Levant: a reply to Mazar and Bronk Ramsey and a new perspective., Radiocarbon, 52, 1667, 10.1017/S003382220005640X
Frese P. R., 1995, The Encyclopedia of Religion, 26
Galili E., 1989, Appearance of olives in submerged Neolithic sites along the Carmel Coast., Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society, 22, 95
Gitin S., 2003, Neo‐Assyrian and Egyptian hegemony over Ekron in the seventh century BCE: a response to Lawrence E. Stager., Eretz Israel, 27, 55
Goor A., 1968, The Fruits of the Holy Land .
Gophna R., 1979, Tel Saf (1977–1978)., Revue Biblique, 86, 112
Greiss E., 1966, Identification anatomique des plantes provenant de trois fouilles archéologiques., Bulletin de l’Institut d’Egypte, 42, 17
Gremmen W. H. E., 1991, Die Rezente Umwelt von Tall Seh Hamad und Daten zur Umweltrekonstruktion der Assyrischen Stadt Dur‐Katlimmu, 105
Haouane H., 2011, Olive diversification process in south west Mediterranean traditional agro‐ecosystems., Acta Horticulturae, 918, 807, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.918.106
Haumann B. F., 1996, Olive oil: Mediterranean product consumed worldwide., Inform, 7, 890
Heltzer M., 1996, Olive Oil in Antiquity. Israel and Neighbouring Countries from Neolithic to Early Arab Period, 77
Hitchner R. B., 1993, La Production du Vin et de l’Huile en Méditerranée, 499
Horowitz A., 1971, Climatic and vegetational developments in northeastern Israel during Upper Pleistocene‐Holocene times., Pollen & Spores, 11, 255
Janick J., 2005, The origin of fruits, fruit growing, and fruit breeding., Plant Breeding Reviews, 25, 255
Jirat‐Wasiutyński V., 2007, Modern Art and the Idea of the Mediterranean .
Karydas C. G., 2005, Fine scale mapping of agricultural landscape features to be used in environmental risk assessment in an olive cultivation area., IASME Transactions, 4, 582
Khadari B.&Kjellberg F.(2009).Tracking the genetic signature to identify fig origins: insights for evolution before and during domestication processes.Fourth International Fig Symposium ISHS oral communication.
Liphschitz N., 1986, The vegetational landscape and the macroclimate of Israel during prehistoric and protohistoric periods. Mitekufat Ha’even., Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society, 19, 80
Malul M., 1996, Olive Oil in Antiquity. Israel and Neighbouring Countries from Neolithic to Early Arab Period, 91
Mattingly D. J., 1996, Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity. Environment and Culture, 213
Mazar A., 2008, 14C dates and the Iron Age chronology of Israel: a response., Radiocarbon, 50, 159, 10.1017/S0033822200033506
Mazar A., 2005, The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science, 193
Meeks D., 1993, Oil and Wine Production in the Mediterranean Area, 3
Moldenke H. N., 1952, Plants of the Bible .
Murray M. A., 2000, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, 609
Neef R., 1990, Man's Role in the Shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape, 295
Rhizopoulou S., 2007, Olea europaea: a botanical contribution to culture., American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 2, 382
Schoch W. H., 1995, Acta Archaeologica Lovaniensia Monographiae, 293
Serpico M., 2000, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, 390
Thanheiser U., 1999, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 Field Seasons, 89
Tsujimara S., 1995, Akoris: Report on the Excavations at Akoris in Middle Egypt 1981‐1992 ., 464
Vermoere M., 2004, Holocene Vegetation History in the Territory of Sagalassos
Waetzoldt W., 1985, Oelpflanzen und Pflanzenoele im 3. jahrtausend., Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture, 2, 77
Wuttmann M., 1998, ‘Ayn‐Manâwîr (oasis de Kharga)., Deuxième rapport préliminaire BIFAO, 98, 367
Yasuda Y., 1997, The rise and fall of olive cultivation in northwest Syria: palaeoecological study of Tell Mastuma., Japan Review, 8, 251
van Zeist W., 2009, A Timeless Vale. Archaeological and Related Essays on the Jordan Valley in Honour of Gerrit Van Der Kooij on the Occasion of his Sixty‐Fifth Birthday, 29
van Zeist W., 1975, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of southwestern Turkey., Palaeohistoria, 17, 55
Zohary M., 1982, Plants of the Bible .
Zohary D., 2000, Domestication of Plants in the Old World .