Primary depositional and diagenetic features in the banded iron formation and associated iron-ore deposits of Noamundi, Singhbhum district, Bihar, India
Tóm tắt
The Banded Hematite Jasper (BHJ) Formation of Noamundi region in Bihar, belonging to the lower part of the Iron Ore Group of early Precambrian age (c. 2900–3200 Ma), exhibits numerous primary depositional and diagenetic features, both in BHJ as well as the associated iron ore deposits. Observed primary depositional features include banding and bedding of different geometric-types, surface-markings including interference ripple-marks, current crescents, linear markings, scour-and-fill structures, etc. and within-mass microstructures such as spherulites, granules, discs and maculose cylindrical bodies. Diagenetic features, such as fabric changes, micro-dessication structures, gravity-density features, etc. and motion-and-disruption features of various kinds are also seen. The significance of various features in terms of probable mode and environments of deposition of BHJ and the iron ore beds has been considered. In general, shallow water environment of deposition in a region proximal to the shoreline with a rather steep paleoslope of the shelf has been surmised.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Acharya S (1964) Stratigraphy of the banded iron formation of the Daiteri-Tomka area, Cuttack Dt., Orissa. Internat Geol Cong XXII, Sect 10: 13–24
Allen JRL (1968) Current ripples — their relation to patterns of water and sediment motion. North Holland Pub., Amsterdam p 433
Amstutz GC, Bubenicek L (1967) Diagenesis in sedimentary mineral deposits in ‘Diagenesis in sediments’. Elsevier, Netherlands, p 417–475
Ayres DE (1972) Genesis of iron-bearing minerals in banded iron formation mesobands in the Dales Gorge Member, Hamersley Group, Western Australia. Econ Geol 67: 1214–1233
Beukes NJ (1973) Precambrian Iron Formations of South Africa. Econ Geol 68: 960–1004
Borchert U (1960) Genesis of marine sedimentary iron ores. Inst Mining metallurgy Trans 69: 261–277
Dimroth E, Chauvel JJ (1972) Petrographie des minerals de fer de la Fosse du Labrador. Geol Rundschau 61: 97–115
Dimroth E, Chauvel JJ (1973) Petrography of the Sokoman Iron Formation in part of the Central Labrador trough, Quebec, Canada. Geol Soc Am Bull 84: 111–134
Dunn JA (1935) The origin of iron ores in Singhbhum, India. Econ Geol 30: 643–654
Dunn JA (1941) The origin of banded hematite ores in India. Econ Geol 36: 355–370
Friedman GM (1965) Terminology of crystallisation textures and fabrics in sedimentary rocks. J Sediment Petrol 35: 643–655
Gross GA (1972) Primary features in cherty iron formations. Sediment Geol 7: 241–261
Gruner JW (1922) The origin of sedimentary iron formations — The Biwabik formation of the Mesabi Range. Econ Geol 17: 407–460
Hough JL (1958) Fresh water environment of deposition of Precambrian banded iron formations. J Sediment Petrol 28: 414–430
James HL (1951) Iron formation and associated rocks in the Iron River district, Michigan. Geol Soc Am Bull 62: 251–266
James HL (1954) Sedimentary facies of iron-formation. Econ Geol 49: 236–294
Jones HC (1934) The iron ore deposits of Bihar and Orissa. Mem. Geol. Surv India 63, 2: 167–302
La Berge GL (1967) Microfossils & Precombrian iron-formations. Geol Soc America Bull 78: 331–342
La Berge GL (1973) Possible biological origin of Precambrian iron formations. Econ Geol 68: 1098–1109
Leith CK (1903) The Mesabi iron-bearing district. US Geol Surv Mon 43:316 p
Majumder T, Chakraborty KL (1977) Primary sedimentary structures in the Banded Iron-formation of Orissa, India. Sediment Geol 19: 287–300
Mukhopadhyay A, Chanda SK (1972) Silica diagenesis in the banded hematite jasper and bedded chert associated with the Iron Ore Group of Jamda-Koira Valley, Orissa, India. Sediment Geol 8: 113–135
Paul PR (1977) Stratigraphy, structure and ore-geology of Noamundi-Manikpur region, Singhbhum dist., Bihar with special reference to Banded Iron Formation and associated iron-ore deposits. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 302 p
Percival FG (1931) The iron ores of Noamundi. Min. Geol. Metall. Inst India 26: 252–261
Piatnitsky P (1924) The genetic relations of the deposits of ore in the Krivoy Rog. Trans Inst Econ Mineral Petrogr (Lithognea) 9: 56 p
Roy Chowdhury MK (1973) Valedictory address in Seminar on ‘Orogenesis and Metallogenesis in the Precambrians of India’. Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad. 11 p
Sarkar SN, Saha AK (1977) The present status of the Precambrian stratigraphy, tectonics and geochronology of Singhbhum-Keonjhar-Mayurbhanj region, Eastern India. Ind J Earth Sc S Ray Volume: 37–65
Spencer E, Percival FG (1952) The structure and origin of banded hematite jaspers of Singhbhum, India. Econ Geol 47: 365–384
Trendall AF, Blockley JG (1970) The iron-formation of the Precambrian Hammersley Group, W. Australia. Geol Surv West Aust Bull 119: 1–66
Viljoen MJ, Viljoen RP (1969) The geological and geochemical significance of the Upper formations of the Onverwacht Group. Geol Soc South Africa Spec Publ 2: 245–274
Wagner PA (1928) The iron deposits of the Union of South Africa. South Africa Geol Surv Mem 26: 264 p